IKOPA (Aho Kwinjira mu Igeragezwa), izwi kandi nkaKanda yo gukoporora, Guteranya, Kanda kuri Active, Umugozi w'umuringa, Kanda kuri Ethernet, Kanda ku mucyo, Gukanda ku buryo bufatika, nibindi. Uburyo bwo gukanda ni uburyo buzwi cyane bwo kubona amakuru ya interineti. Butanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru ya interineti neza kandi bugakurikirana neza ibiganiro ku murongo wose, nta gutakaza paki cyangwa gutinda. Kugaragara kwa TAP byahinduye urwego rwo kugenzura no kugenzura interineti, bihindura cyane uburyo bwo kubona amakuru ya interineti mu buryo bwo kugenzura no gusesengura, kandi butanga igisubizo cyuzuye kandi gisobanutse kuri gahunda yose yo kugenzura.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ririho ubu ryatumye habaho ubwoko butandukanye bw'amatap: taps zihuza amasano menshi, taps zo kuvugurura zigabanya urujya n'uruza rw'amatap mo ibice byinshi, taps zo kunyura mu matara, na switch za matrix tap.
Kuri ubu, ibirango bya Tap bikunzwe cyane muri uru ruganda birimo NetTAP na Mylinking, muri byo Mylinking izwi nk'ikirango cyiza cya Tap na NPB mu nganda z'Abashinwa, gifite isoko riri hejuru, ituze n'imikorere myiza.
Ibyiza bya TAP
1. Fata 100% by'amakuru nta gihombo kiri mu mapaki.
2. Gukurikirana amakuru adafite ishingiro, byoroshya gukemura ibibazo.
3. Ibimenyetso by'igihe nyacyo, nta gutinda no gusimbuza igihe.
4. Gushyiramo rimwe gusa bituma byoroha guhuza no kwimura icyuma gisesengura.
Ingaruka mbi za TAP
1. Ugomba gukoresha amafaranga y'inyongera kugira ngo ugure splitter TAP, ihenze kandi itwara umwanya wo gushyiramo rack.
2. Umurongo umwe gusa ni wo ushobora kurebwa icyarimwe.
Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya TAP
1. Amasano y'ubucuruzi: Izi sano zisaba igihe gito cyane cyo gukemura ibibazo. Mu gushyiramo TAP muri izi sano, abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bashobora kubona vuba no gukemura ibibazo bitunguranye.
2. Amasano y'ibanze cyangwa ay'inyuma. Aya afite ikoreshwa ry'umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho kandi ntashobora guhagarara iyo ahuza cyangwa yimura imashini isesengura. TAP ifasha gufata amakuru 100% nta gutakaza paki, itanga icyizere cy'imikorere kugira ngo habeho isesengura ry'ayo masano.
3. VoIP na QoS: Isuzuma ry’ubwiza bwa serivisi ya VoIP risaba gupima neza jitter n’ibihombo bya packet. TAP zemeza neza ibi bizamini, ariko imiyoboro igaragara ishobora guhindura agaciro ka jitter no gutanga igipimo kidashoboka cyo gutakaza packet.
4. Gukemura ibibazo: Menya neza ko amakuru adasobanutse neza kandi afite amakosa aboneka. Imbuga zigaragaza amashusho zizashungura ayo makuru, bikabuza injeniyeri gutanga amakuru y'ingenzi kandi yuzuye yo gukemura ibibazo.
5. Gukoresha IDS: IDS ikoresha amakuru yuzuye kugira ngo imenye imiterere y’ubwinjira, kandi TAP ishobora gutanga amakuru yizewe kandi yuzuye kuri sisitemu yo gutahura ukwinjira.
6. Seriveri: Itsinda rya mudasobwa rikoresha imiyoboro myinshi rishobora guhuza imiyoboro ya 8/12 icyarimwe, bigatuma habaho guhinduranya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya kure n'iry'ubuntu, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kubikurikirana no kubisesengura igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
SPANI (Isesengura ry'Imbuga zo Guhindura)izwi kandi nka Mirrored Port cyangwa Port Mirror. Switches zigezweho zishobora gukoporora amakuru kuva kuri port imwe cyangwa nyinshi zijya kuri port yabugenewe, yitwa "mirror port" cyangwa "destination port." Analyzer ishobora guhuza na port ya mirrored kugira ngo yakire amakuru. Ariko, iyi feature ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya switch no guteza ibura rya packet iyo amakuru menshi cyane.
Ibyiza bya SPAN
1. Birahendutse, nta bikoresho by'inyongera bikenewe.
2. Urujya n'uruza rw'abantu bose kuri VLAN kuri switch rushobora gukurikiranirwa icyarimwe.
3. Umusesenguzi umwe ashobora gukurikirana amasano menshi.
Ingaruka mbi za SPAN
1. Gushyira mu ishusho y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu bava kuri za port nyinshi bajya kuri imwe bishobora gutuma cache iremereye cyane ndetse no gutakaza paki.
2. Amapaki asubizwa ku gihe uko anyura muri cache, bigatuma bidashoboka kumenya neza igihe nk'uko bigenda mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'amakuru, isesengura ry'igihe cy'amakuru, n'igihe cyo gutinda.
3. Kudashobora gukurikirana paki z'amakosa za OSI layer 1.2. Imbuga nyinshi zigaragaza amakuru zishungura paki z'amakuru zitameze neza, zidashobora gutanga amakuru arambuye kandi y'ingirakamaro yo gukemura ibibazo.
4. Kubera ko urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka mu buryo bw'indorerwamo rwongera umutwaro wa CPU muri switch, bizatuma imikorere ya switch igabanuka.
Imikoreshereze isanzwe ya SPAN
1. Ku bijyanye n'amasano afite ubushobozi buke bwo gukora indorerwamo n'ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora indorerwamo, indorerwamo ifite imiyoboro myinshi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gusesengura no gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo bworoshye.
2. Gukurikirana uko ibintu bigenda: Iyo igenzura ryimbitse ritakenewe, imibare idahwitse ni yo ihagije.
3. Isesengura rya porotokole n'ikoreshwa: amakuru ajyanye n'amakuru ashobora gutangwa mu buryo bworoshye kandi buhendutse uhereye ku cyambu cy'indorerwamo
4. Gukurikirana VLAN yose: Ikoranabuhanga ryo kureba amashusho hakoreshejwe imiyoboro myinshi rishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura VLAN yose ku buryo bworoshye kuri switch.
Intangiriro kuri VLAN:
Ubwa mbere, reka tugaragaze igitekerezo cy'ibanze cy'urubuga rw'amatangazo. Ibi bivuga urwego aho amafuremu yo gusakaza (aderesi za MAC zose ni 1) ashobora koherezwa, mu yandi magambo, urwego aho itumanaho ritaziguye rishoboka. Mu by'ukuri, si amafuremu yo gusakaza gusa, ahubwo n'amafuremu menshi n'amafuremu atazwi ya unicast ashobora kugenda mu buryo bw'ubwisanzure muri urwo rubuga rw'amatangazo.
Mbere na mbere, switch ya Layer 2 yashoboraga gushyiraho domaine imwe gusa yo gusakaza. Kuri switch ya Layer 2 nta VLAN zashyizweho, frame iyo ari yo yose yo gusakaza yoherezwaga ku mbuga zose uretse port yakira (amazi). Ariko, gukoresha VLAN bituma network igabanywamo domaine nyinshi zo gusakaza. VLAN ni ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gutandukanya domaine zo gusakaza kuri switch ya Layer 2. Dukoresheje VLAN, dushobora gushushanya imiterere y’domaine zo gusakaza ku buntu, twongera uburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya network.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-04-2025
