Muri iki gihe cy’imiyoboro yihuta cyane n’ibikorwa remezo bikomoka ku bicu, gukurikirana urujya n’uruza rw’itumanaho mu buryo bufatika kandi mu buryo bufatika byabaye inkingi ikomeye y’imikorere yizewe y’ikoranabuhanga. Uko imiyoboro ikura kugira ngo ishyigikire imiyoboro ya 10 Gbps+, porogaramu zikoreshwa mu byuma, n’imiterere ikwirakwijwe, uburyo gakondo bwo kugenzura urujya n’uruza—nk’uburyo bwo gufata amakuru yose—ntibugishoboka bitewe n’ubushobozi bwinshi bufite. Aha niho sFlow (sampled Flow) igaragara: protocole yoroheje kandi isanzwe ya telemetri y’itumanaho igamije gutanga uburyo bwo kureba urujya n’uruza rw’itumanaho mu buryo bwuzuye nta bikoresho bya interineti bibangamira. Muri iyi blog, tuzasubiza ibibazo by’ingenzi cyane kuri sFlow, kuva ku bisobanuro byayo by’ibanze kugeza ku mikorere yayo ifatika muri Network Packet Brokers (NPBs).
1. sFlow ni iki?
sFlow ni porotokoli ifunguye kandi isanzwe ikoreshwa mu kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'imiyoboro yakozwe na Inmon Corporation, isobanurwa muri RFC 3176. Bitandukanye n'uko izina ryayo rishobora gusobanura, sFlow nta logique yo "gukurikirana urujya n'uruza" ifite—ni ikoranabuhanga rya telemetri rikoresha ingero rikusanya kandi ryohereza imibare y'urujya n'uruza rw'imiyoboro ku ikusanya makuru rigashyirwa ku ikusanya makuru rigakorerwa ku ikusanya makuru rigakorerwa ku ikusanya makuru rigakorerwa ku ikusanya makuru rigakorerwa ku ikusanya makuru rigakorerwa ku ikusanya makuru rigakorerwa ku isesengura. Bitandukanye na porotokoli zisanzwe nka NetFlow, sFlow ntabwo ibika inyandiko z'urujya n'uruza ku bikoresho bya interineti; ahubwo, ifata ingero nto zerekana urujya n'uruza rw'imiyoboro n'ibikoresho, hanyuma igahita yohereza ayo makuru ku ikusanya makuru kugira ngo atunganywe.
Mu by’ingenzi, sFlow yagenewe kwaguka no gukoresha umutungo muke. Ishyirwa mu bikoresho bya interineti (switches, routers, firewalls) nk'igikoresho cya sFlow, gifasha gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse imiyoboro yihuta (kugeza kuri 10 Gbps no hejuru yayo) nta kwangiza imikorere y'ibikoresho cyangwa uburyo umuyoboro unyuramo. Uburyo ikoresha buri wese butuma ihuza abacuruzi, bigatuma iba amahitamo rusange ku bidukikije bitandukanye bya interineti.
2. sFlow ikora ite?
sFlow ikora ku buryo bworoshye kandi bufite ibice bibiri: sFlow Agent (ishyirwa mu bikoresho bya network) na sFlow Collector (seriveri ihuriweho yo gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru). Imikorere ishingiye ku buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukusanya amakuru—gukusanya amakuru mu mapaki no gukusanya amakuru mu buryo bunyuranye—no kohereza amakuru mu mahanga, nk'uko bisobanuwe hano hepfo:
2.1 Ibice by'ingenzi
- Umukozi wa sFlow: Porogaramu yoroheje yubatswe mu bikoresho bya interineti (urugero, Cisco switches, Huawei routers). Ishinzwe gukusanya ingero z'ibicuruzwa n'amakuru akoreshwa mu gushakisha amakuru, gushyira aya makuru muri sFlow Datagrams, no kuyakohereza ku muntu ubyinjije kuri UDP (aho byakoreshejwe nimero 6343).
- sFlow Collector: Sisitemu ihuriweho (ifatika cyangwa isanzwe) yakira, igasesengura, igabika, kandi igasesengura sFlow Datagrams. Bitandukanye n'abakusanya NetFlow, abakusanya sFlow bagomba gufata imitwe y'amapaki (ubusanzwe ari hagati ya byte 60–140 kuri buri rugero) kandi bakayasesengura kugira ngo bakuremo ubumenyi bufite ishingiro—ubu buryo bworoshye butuma habaho inkunga y'amapaki atari asanzwe nka MPLS, VXLAN, na GRE.
2.2 Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gufatiraho ingero
sFlow ikoresha uburyo bubiri bwuzuzanya bwo gupima kugira ngo iringanize uburyo bwo kubona ibintu neza n'uburyo umutungo ukoreshwa:
1- Gupima Paketi: Umukozi apima paketi zinjira/zisohoka mu buryo butunguranye kuri interineti igenzurwa. Urugero, igipimo cyo gufata icyitegererezo cya 1:2048 bivuze ko Umukozi afata pakiti 1 muri buri paki 2048 (igipimo cyo gufata icyitegererezo gisanzwe ku bikoresho byinshi). Aho gufata pakiti zose, akusanya byte nke za mbere z'umutwe w'paketi (ubusanzwe byte 60–140), zirimo amakuru y'ingenzi (inkomoko/aho ijya, umuyoboro, protocole) mu gihe bigabanya amafaranga akoreshwa. Igipimo cyo gufata icyitegererezo kirashobora guhindurwa kandi kigomba guhindurwa hashingiwe ku bunini bw'urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru—igipimo cyo hejuru (ingero nyinshi) cyongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza ariko byongera ikoreshwa ry'umutungo, mu gihe igipimo cyo hasi kigabanya amafaranga akoreshwa ariko gishobora kubura imiterere idasanzwe y'urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru.
2- Gupima Ibipimo: Uretse ingero z'amapaki, Umukozi akusanya buri gihe amakuru apima ibipimo aturutse ku miyoboro y'itumanaho (urugero, byite zoherezwa/zakiriwe, amadomo y'amapaki, igipimo cy'amakosa) mu bihe bihoraho (bisanzwe: amasegonda 10). Aya makuru atanga imiterere yerekeye ubuzima bw'igikoresho n'amakuru ajyanye nacyo, byuzuza ingero z'amapaki kugira ngo atange ishusho yuzuye y'imikorere y'umuyoboro.
2.3 Kohereza no Gusesengura Amakuru mu Bucuruzi
Iyo imaze gukusanywa, Agent ishyira ingero za paki n'amakuru kuri sFlow Datagrams (UDP packs) hanyuma ikayohereza kuri collector. Collector isesengura izi datagrams, ikusanya amakuru, kandi igakora amashusho, raporo, cyangwa imenyesha. Urugero, ishobora kumenya abantu bavuga cyane, ikamenya imiterere idasanzwe y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu (urugero: ibitero bya DDoS), cyangwa igakurikirana ikoreshwa rya bandwidth uko igihe kigenda gihita. Igipimo cy'ingero kiri muri buri datagram, bigatuma collector isesengura amakuru kugira ngo igereranye ingano y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu (urugero: icyitegererezo 1 kuri 2048 bivuze ko urujya n'uruza rw'abantu rwagaragaye inshuro ~ 2048).
3. Agaciro k'ingenzi ka sFlow ni akahe?
Agaciro ka sFlow gakomoka ku buryo bwihariye bwo kwaguka, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amafaranga make, no gushyiraho uburyo busanzwe—bikemura ibibazo by'ingenzi byo kugenzura imiyoboro ya none. Ibyiza byayo by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:
3.1 Amafaranga make yo gukoresha mu mutungo
Bitandukanye no gufata paki yose (isaba kubika no gutunganya buri paki) cyangwa protocole nziza nka NetFlow (ikomeza imbonerahamwe y'imikoreshereze ku bikoresho), sFlow ikoresha isuzuma kandi yirinda kubika amakuru yo mu gace. Ibi bigabanya ikoreshwa rya CPU, memory, na bandwidth ku bikoresho bya network, bigatuma biba byiza ku miyoboro yihuta cyane n'ibidukikije bifite imitungo ikemutse (urugero, imiyoboro mito kugeza ku miyoboro iciriritse). Ntabwo isaba ibikoresho byiyongeraho cyangwa kongera ububiko ku bikoresho byinshi, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho.
3.2 Uburyo bwo kwaguka cyane
sFlow yagenewe kwaguka ikoresheje imiyoboro igezweho. Ikusanya ry'amakuru rimwe rishobora gukurikirana imiyoboro ibihumbi mirongo mu bikoresho amagana, rigashyigikira imiyoboro igera kuri 100 Gbps no kurenza. Uburyo bwayo bwo gupima butuma nubwo umubare w'abagenda wiyongera, ikoreshwa ry'umutungo wa Agent rikomeza gucungwa neza—ni ingenzi cyane ku bigo by'amakuru n'imiyoboro y'ikoranabuhanga ifite imiyoboro myinshi y'abagenda.
3.3 Uburyo bwose bwo kugaragara kw'umuyoboro
Mu guhuza uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru ku mapaki (ku bijyanye n'ibikubiye mu makuru) no gukoresha uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru ku mapaki (ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho/amakuru), sFlow itanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera mu buryo bugaragara mu buryo bugaragara. Ifasha uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru kuva ku cyiciro cya 2 kugeza ku cyiciro cya 7, bigatuma habaho kugenzura porogaramu (urugero: web, P2P, DNS), protocole (urugero: TCP, UDP, MPLS), n'imyitwarire y'abakoresha. Ubu buryo bwo kubona amakuru bufasha amakipe y'ikoranabuhanga kubona ibibazo, gukemura ibibazo, no kunoza imikorere y'urubuga mu buryo bufatika.
3.4 Igenamiterere ry’Ubuziranenge hagati y’Abacuruzi n’Abatari mu Mategeko
Nk'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha interineti (RFC 3176), sFlow ishyigikiwe n'abacuruzi bose bakomeye b'imiyoboro (Cisco, Huawei, Juniper, Arista) kandi ihuzwa n'ibikoresho bizwi byo kugenzura (urugero: PRTG, SolarWinds, sFlow-RT). Ibi bikuraho uburyo bwo gufunga abacuruzi kandi bigatuma amashyirahamwe ashobora gukoresha sFlow mu buryo butandukanye bw'imiyoboro (urugero: ibikoresho bivanze bya Cisco na Huawei).
4. Imiterere isanzwe y'ikoreshwa rya sFlow
Kuba sFlow ikora ibintu byinshi bituma ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye mu miyoboro, kuva ku bigo bito kugeza ku bigo binini by’amakuru. Ikoreshwa ryayo rikunze kugaragara cyane harimo:
4.1 Gukurikirana Umuyoboro w'Amakuru mu Kigo cy'Amakuru
Ibigo by'amakuru byishingikiriza ku miyoboro yihuta cyane (10 Gbps+) kandi bigashyigikira ibihumbi by'imashini zikoreshwa kuri interineti (VMs) na porogaramu zikoreshwa muri konteyineri. sFlow itanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru mu buryo bwihuse ku muyoboro w'amakuru ugana ku mpande zombi, ifasha amakipe y'ikoranabuhanga kubona "ingendo z'inzovu" (ingendo nini kandi zimara igihe kirekire zitera gucucikana), kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga bandwidth, no gukemura ibibazo by'itumanaho hagati ya VM/container. Ikunze gukoreshwa na SDN (Software-Defined Networking) kugira ngo ifashe ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n'ingendo.
4.2 Imicungire y'Umuyoboro w'Ikigo cy'Ubucuruzi
Amashuri makuru asaba igenzura rihendutse kandi rishobora kwaguka kugira ngo akurikirane urujya n'uruza rw'abakozi, ashyire mu bikorwa politiki ya bandwidth, kandi amenye ibintu bitari byo (urugero: ibikoresho bitabifitiye uburenganzira, gusangira amadosiye ya P2P). SFlow ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amafaranga make ituma iba nziza ku ma switch na routers za kaminuza, bigatuma amakipe y'ikoranabuhanga ashobora kumenya bandwidth hogs, kunoza imikorere ya porogaramu (urugero: Microsoft 365, Zoom), no kwemeza ko abakoresha bashobora guhuza neza.
4.3 Imikorere y'urusobe rw'itumanaho ry'imodoka
Abakoresha itumanaho bakoresha sFlow kugira ngo bakurikirane umuyoboro w’itumanaho n’imiyoboro yo kwinjiramo, bakurikirane ubwinshi bw’abagenda, igihe cyo gutinda, n’umuvuduko w’amakosa mu mbuga ibihumbi n’ibihumbi. Bifasha abakoresha kunoza imibanire hagati yabo, kumenya ibitero bya DDoS hakiri kare, no kwishyuza abakiriya hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa rya bandwidth (ibaruramari ry’ikoreshwa).
4.4 Gukurikirana Umutekano w'Umuyoboro
sFlow ni igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro ku matsinda y'umutekano, kuko ishobora kubona imiterere idasanzwe y'ibitero bya DDoS, gushakisha aho byashyizwe, cyangwa malware. Mu gusesengura ingero za paki, abakusanya bashobora kumenya aho IP iherereye idasanzwe/aho ijya, ikoreshwa rya protocole ritunguranye, cyangwa kwiyongera gutunguranye mu muyoboro w'itumanaho—bigatuma habaho imenyesha ryimbitse. Inkunga yayo ku mitwe ya paki idakora ituma igira akamaro cyane mu kubona vectors zidasanzwe z'ibitero (urugero, uburyo bwo gushakisha DDoS mu buryo bwa encrypted).
4.5 Igenamigambi ry'ubushobozi n'isesengura ry'icyerekezo
Mu gukusanya amakuru y’amateka y’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu, sFlow ifasha amakipe y’ikoranabuhanga kumenya uko ibintu bigenda (urugero: kwiyongera kw’umuyoboro w’itumanaho mu gihe runaka, kwiyongera kw’ikoreshwa rya porogaramu) no gutegura kuvugurura umuyoboro w’itumanaho mu buryo butunguranye. Urugero, niba amakuru ya sFlow agaragaza ko ikoreshwa ry’umuyoboro w’itumanaho ryiyongeraho 20% buri mwaka, amakipe ashobora guteganya ingengo y’imari y’inyongera cyangwa kuvugurura ibikoresho mbere yuko habaho gucucikana kw’ibikoresho.
5. Imbibi za sFlow
Nubwo sFlow ari igikoresho gikomeye cyo kugenzura, gifite imbogamizi imiryango igomba kuzirikana mu gihe ikoresha:
5.1 Isesengura ry'Ubuziranenge mu Gutanga Ingero
Imbogamizi ikomeye ya sFlow ni ukwishingikiriza ku gupima. Igipimo gito cy’ibizamini (urugero, 1:10000) gishobora kubura imiterere idasanzwe ariko ikomeye y’ibitero (urugero, urujya n’uruza rw’ibitero rumara igihe gito), mu gihe igipimo cyo hejuru cy’ibizamini byongera amafaranga akoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, gupima byongera itandukaniro ry’imibare—ibigereranyo by’ingano y’ibitero byose bishobora kuba bitari ukuri 100%, ibyo bikaba bishobora guteza ikibazo ku mikoreshereze isaba kubara neza ibitero (urugero, kwishyuza serivisi z’ingenzi).
5.2 Nta miterere yuzuye y'ibikubiye mu gitabo
Bitandukanye na NetFlow (ifata inyandiko zuzuye z’imigendekere y’amakuru, harimo igihe cyo gutangira/gusoza n’ibice byose by’amakuru/amapaki kuri buri mugendekere), sFlow ifata gusa ingero z’amapaki ku giti cyayo. Ibi bituma bigorana gukurikirana ubuzima bwose bw’umugendekere w’amakuru (urugero, kumenya igihe umugendekere w’amakuru watangiriye, igihe wamaze, cyangwa uko umugendekere w’amakuru wakoreshejwe).
5.3 Inkunga nkeya kuri Interfaces/Modes zimwe na zimwe
Ibikoresho byinshi bya interineti bishyigikira gusa sFlow ku mbuga zifatika—interface zisanzwe (urugero, VLAN subinterfaces, port channels) cyangwa stack modes zishobora kudashyigikirwa. Urugero, Cisco switches ntishyigikira sFlow iyo ifunguye muri stack mode, bigabanyiriza ikoreshwa ryayo mu gushyiramo stack switch.
5.4 Kwishingikiriza ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'abakozi
Ingufu za sFlow ziterwa n'ubwiza bw'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Agent ku bikoresho bya network. Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo mu rwego rwo hasi cyangwa ibikoresho bya kera bishobora kuba bifite Agent zidakora neza zikoresha umutungo urenze urugero cyangwa zigatanga ingero zitari zo. Urugero, zimwe muri router zifite CPU zigenzura buhoro buhoro zibuza gushyiraho igipimo cyiza cyo gupima, bigagabanya uburyo bwo kumenya ibitero nka DDoS.
5.5 Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibinyabiziga mu buryo buciriritse
sFlow ifata gusa imitwe y'amapaki - abantu basura urubuga (urugero: TLS 1.3) ihisha amakuru y'umutwaro, bigatuma bidashoboka kumenya porogaramu nyayo cyangwa ibikubiye mu muyoboro. Nubwo sFlow igifite ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ibipimo by'ibanze (urugero: aho ituruka/aho ijya, ingano y'amapaki), ntishobora gutanga uburyo bwimbitse bwo kureba imyitwarire y'abasura urubuga (urugero: abantu basura urubuga ruba rwihishe mu muyoboro wa HTTPS).
5.6 Uburyo bwo gukusanya ibintu bugoye
Bitandukanye na NetFlow (itanga inyandiko z’imigendekere y’amakuru zabanje gusuzumwa), sFlow isaba abakusanya amakuru gusesengura imitwe y’amapaki. Ibi byongera uburyo bwo gushyiraho no gucunga abakusanya amakuru, kuko amatsinda agomba kwemeza ko abakusanya amakuru bashobora gukora ubwoko butandukanye bw’amapaki na porogaramu (urugero: MPLS, VXLAN).
6. Ni gute sFlow ikora muriUmuhuzabikorwa w'amapaketi y'umuyoboro (NPB)?
Umuhuzabikorwa wa Network Packet (NPB) ni igikoresho cyihariye gikusanya, kigashungura, kandi kigakwirakwiza urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho ku bikoresho byo kugenzura (urugero, abakusanya amakuru muri sFlow, IDS/IPS, sisitemu zose zo gufata amakuru). NPB zikora nk' "ahantu ho gufatira amakuru," zigenzura ko ibikoresho byo kugenzura byakira gusa urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho bikenewe - kunoza imikorere no kugabanya umutwaro w'ibikoresho. Iyo bihujwe na sFlow, NPB zongerera ubushobozi bwa sFlow binyuze mu gukemura ibibazo byayo no kongera uburyo igaragara.
6.1 Uruhare rwa NPB mu Gutanga Serivisi za sFlow
Mu buryo busanzwe bwo gushyiraho sFlow, buri gikoresho cy’umuyoboro (switch, router) gikoresha sFlow Agent yohereza ingero ku mukusanya. Ibi bishobora gutuma umukusanya umurego mwinshi mu miyoboro minini (urugero, ibikoresho ibihumbi byohereza amakuru ya UDP icyarimwe) kandi bigatuma bigorana kuyungurura urujya n’uruza rw’abantu. NPB zikemura ibi zikora nk’umukusanya amakuru wa sFlow cyangwa umukusanya amakuru, nk’uko bikurikira:
6.2 Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guhuza
1- Gupima sFlow mu buryo buhuriweho: NPB ikusanya urujya n'uruza rw'abantu bava mu bikoresho byinshi bya interineti (binyuze kuri SPAN/RSPAN ports cyangwa TAPs), hanyuma ikoresha sFlow Agent kugira ngo isuzume uru rujya n'uruza rw'abantu bava mu bikoresho byinshi. Aho kugira ngo buri gikoresho cyohereze ingero ku gikusanya, NPB yohereza urukurikirane rumwe rw'ingero—bigabanya umutwaro w'abakusanya no koroshya imicungire. Ubu buryo ni bwiza ku miyoboro minini, kuko bushyira hamwe ingero kandi bugatuma umubare w'abakusanya uhoraho uboneka kuri interineti.
2- Gutunganya no Gutunganya Ibinyabiziga: NPB zishobora kuyungurura ibinyabiziga mbere yo gupima, zigatanga ingero ku binyabiziga bireba gusa (urugero: ibinyabiziga biva mu miyoboro y'ingenzi, porogaramu zihariye) n'umukozi wa sFlow. Ibi bigabanya umubare w'ibipimo byoherezwa ku mukusanya, bikongera imikorere myiza kandi bigabanya ibisabwa mu kubika. Urugero, NPB ishobora kuyungurura ibinyabiziga by'ubuyobozi bw'imbere (urugero, SSH, SNMP) bidasaba igenzura, hibandwa kuri sFlow ku binyabiziga by'abakoresha n'abakoresha porogaramu.
3- Ingero zo Guteranya no Guhuza: NPB zishobora guteranya ingero za sFlow ziturutse ku bikoresho byinshi, hanyuma zigahuza aya makuru (urugero, guhuza urujya n'uruza rw'abantu bava kuri IP y'isoko n'ahantu henshi) mbere yo kuyohereza kuri collector. Ibi biha collector ishusho yuzuye y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu, bigakemura ikibazo cya sFlow cyo kudakurikirana imiterere y'uruza rw'abantu. Zimwe muri NPB zigezweho nazo zishyigikira guhindura ingano y'ingero hashingiwe ku bwinshi bw'uruza rw'abantu (urugero, kongera ingano y'ingero mu gihe cy'ubwiyongere bw'uruza rw'abantu kugira ngo birusheho kunoza ubushishozi).
4- Kuboneka no Kuboneka Cyane: NPB zishobora gutanga inzira zidasanzwe ku bipimo bya sFlow, zizemeza ko nta makuru yatakara mu gihe umuntu ukusanya amakuru yananiwe. Zishobora kandi gushyira ibintu ku murongo mu bipimo byinshi, bigatuma umuntu uwo ari we wese ukusanya amakuru adakomeza kuba ikibazo.
6.3 Ibyiza bifatika bya NPB + sFlow Integration
Guhuza sFlow na NPB bitanga inyungu nyinshi z'ingenzi:
- Kwaguka: NPB zikemura ibibazo byo gukusanya no gupima, zigatuma sFlow collector ishobora kwaguka kugira ngo ishyigikire ibihumbi by'ibikoresho nta kurenza urugero.
- Ubunyangamugayo: Guhindura igipimo cy’ingero no kuyungurura urujya n’uruza rw’abantu binoza uburyo amakuru ya sFlow ateye, bigabanya ibyago byo kubura imiterere y’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu.
- Ingufu: Gufata ingero no kuyungurura bigabanya umubare w'ingero zoherezwa ku gikoresho gikusanya amakuru, bigabanya uburyo bwo gukoresha bandwidth n'ububiko.
- Koroshya imicungire: NPB zishyira hamwe imiterere n'igenzura rya sFlow, bikuraho ko hakenewe gushyiraho imiterere ya Agents kuri buri gikoresho cy'umuyoboro.
Umwanzuro
sFlow ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura imiyoboro, bushobora kwaguka, kandi busanzwe bukemura ibibazo byihariye by’imiyoboro ya none yihuta. Mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru mu gukusanya amakuru no kuyarwanya, butanga uburyo bwo kugaragara neza nta kwangiza imikorere y’ibikoresho—bigatuma biba byiza ku bigo by’amakuru, ibigo n’abatwara amakuru. Nubwo ifite imbogamizi (urugero: gukoresha uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru neza, uburyo bwo kuyakoresha mu buryo budahagije), ibi bishobora kugabanywa binyuze mu guhuza sFlow na Network Packet Broker, ishyira hamwe uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru, igashungura uburyo abantu basura amakuru, kandi ikanoza uburyo bwo kuyakura.
Waba ukurikirana umuyoboro muto wa kaminuza cyangwa umuyoboro munini w’itumanaho, sFlow itanga igisubizo gihendutse kandi kidahenze ku bagurisha kugira ngo ubone ubumenyi bufatika ku mikorere y’umuyoboro. Iyo uhujwe na NPB, irushaho kugira imbaraga—ituma amashyirahamwe ashobora kwagura ibikorwa remezo byo kugenzura no gukomeza kugaragara uko imiyoboro yabo ikura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-05-2026
