Uyu munsi, tugiye gutangira twibanda kuri TCP. Mbere mu gice cyo gukora, twavuze ingingo y'ingenzi. Ku rubuga ruke kandi hepfo, birambuye kubyerekeye kwakira amahugurwa, bivuze ko mudasobwa yawe ikeneye kumenya aho indi mudasobwa ari murwego rwo kubihuza. Ariko, itumanaho murusobe akenshi rikunze guterana aho kuba itumanaho rya intermachine. Kubwibyo, protocole ya TCP itangiza igitekerezo cyicyambu. Icyambu kirashobora gutwarwa nigikorwa kimwe gusa, gitanga itumanaho ritaziguye hagati yimikorere ikoresha ku ngabo zitandukanye.
Igikorwa cyurwego rwo gutwara nuburyo bwo gutanga serivisi zitumanaho muburyo butaziguye gahunda yo gusaba ikora ku ndorerezi zitandukanye, izwi kandi nka Porotokole irangira. Igice cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga bihisha ibisobanuro birambuye byurusobe, kwemerera gahunda yo gusaba kubona nkaho hari umuyoboro wimiterere uhagaze hagati yitumanaho ryitunganijwe.
TCP igereranya protocole igenzura kandi izwi nka protocole ihuza. Ibi bivuze ko mbere yuko porogaramu imwe ishobora gutangira kohereza amakuru kubindi, inzira ebyiri zigomba gukora ukuboko. Handhake nigikorwa gihujwe gihujwe cyemeza koherezwa kwizerwa no kwakira neza amakuru. Mugihe cyamaboko, ihuriro ryashyizweho hagati yinkomoko n'abigenewe muguhana urukurikirane rwo kugenzura no kwemeranya kubipimo bimwe na bimwe kugirango byandure amakuru.
TCP ni iki? (GuhunikaUmuyoboronaUmuyoboro wa pakiirashobora gutunganya uduce tcp cyangwa udp)
TCP (Porotokole yo kugenzura) ni ihuza ryerekanwe, ryizewe, byte-stream rishingiye ku ntera itumanaho protokole.
Guhuza-yerekeza: Ihuza ryerekeye Itumanaho rya TCP ni imwe-kuri-imwe, ni ukuvuga, ingingo-kugeza kuri UDP irangira, bityo itumanaho ryinshi icyarimwe, bityo itumanaho rimwe kuri kimwe, bityo itumanaho rimwe na rimwe ridashobora kugerwaho.
Kwiringirwa: Kwizerwa kwa TCP byerekana ko paki zitangwa byizewe ku bwakira utitaye ku mpinduka mu rusobe, ituma imiterere ya Protocole ya TCP igoye kuruta iya UDP.
Byte-stream: Imiterere ishingiye kuri Byte-Stream ya TCP yemerera kohereza ubutumwa bwubunini ningwate rusange: Nubwo ubutumwa bwabanje butakiriwe neza, kandi niba byujujwe neza, ndetse niba byanze bikunze byakiriwe, kandi niba byujujwe byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba byujujwe byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba byujujwe neza, ndetse niba ibyakurikiyeho byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba byujujwe byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba byujujwe neza, ndetse niba ibyakurikiyeho byakiriwe neza, kandi niba byanze bikunze byakiriwe neza, kandi niba byujujwe neza, kandi niba byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba ibyakurikiyeho byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba byujujwe byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba byujujwe byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba by'amategeko azaba yakiriwe neza, ndetse niba byanze bikunze byakiriwe neza, ndetse niba by'amategeko akurikira yakiriwe, ndetse niba by'amategeko akurikira yakiriwe neza, ndetse niba by'amategeko akurikira yakiriwe neza, ndetse niba by'amategeko akurikira yakiriwe neza, ndetse niba by'amategeko akurikira yakiriwe neza, ndetse niba by'amategeko akurikira yakiriwe neza, ndetse niba by'amategeko akurikira yakiriwe neza, ndetse niba by pess itarayishyikirizwa urwego rwo gusaba no guhita uhagarika paki zipimiwe.
Ugeze kuri A na Bast B bashyizeho isano, porogaramu ikeneye gusa gukoresha umurongo witumanaho kugirango wohereze kandi wakire amakuru, bityo ukemure amakuru. Porotokole ya TCP ishinzwe kugenzura imirimo nko gushyiraho ibigo, guhagarika, no gufata. Twabibutsa ko hano tuvuga umurongo wisanzwe usobanura gusa kugirango ushireho ihuza, umurongo wa TCP gusa byerekana gusa ko impande zombi zishobora gutangira kwanduza amakuru, no kwemeza ko amakuru yizewe. Inzira yo gutwara no gutwara abantu bakemurwa nibikoresho bya Network; Porotokoko ya TCP ubwayo ntabwo ihangayikishijwe nibisobanuro.
Ihuza rya TCP ni serivisi yuzuye-duplex, bivuze ko kwakira a na host b ishobora kohereza amakuru mubyerekezo byombi muburyo bwo guhuza TCP. Nukuvuga, amakuru arashobora kwimurwa hagati yakira a na nyiring b muburyo butanga.
TCP ibika by'agateganyo amakuru mubyohereza buffer. Ibi byohereza buffer nimwe mu kato yashizweho mugihe cyinzira eshatu. Nyuma yaho, TCP izohereza amakuru mubyo wohereza cache kuri cache ya bereet off mugihe gikwiye. Mubikorwa, buri rungano ruzagira cache kandi yakira cache, nkuko bigaragara hano:
Kohereza buffer ni agace k'ibikoresho byabungabunzwe na TCP ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya TCP ku ruhande rutuyemo rukoreshwa mu kubika amakuru by'agateganyo yo koherezwa. Iyo hakozwe ahabigenewe inzira eshatu kugirango ushyireho guhuza, kohereza cache byashyizweho kandi bikoreshwa mu kubika amakuru. Kohereza buffer irahinduwe muburyo bwo gukurikiza imiyoboro yo mu rubuga no gutanga ibitekerezo bituruka ku bakira.
Kwakira buffer ni agace k'ububiko kabungabunzwe na TCP ishyirwa mubikorwa rya TCP kuruhande rwakira rukoreshwa mububiko bwigihe gito rwakiriye amakuru. TCP ibika amakuru yakiriwe muri cache kandi ategereza ko porogaramu yo hejuru kuyisoma.
Menya ko ingano yo kohereza cache no kwakira cache igarukira, mugihe cache yuzuyeho ingamba, nko kugenzura ingamba zimwe, nko kugenzura amakuru yizewe no gutuza.
Mu miyoboro ya mudasobwa, kwanduza amakuru hagati ya host birakorwa hakoreshejwe ibice. None se ya paki ni iki?
TCP ikora igice cya TCP, cyangwa igice cya paki, mugucamo imigezi yinjira no kongeramo imitwe ya TCP kuri buri gice. Buri gice kirashobora kwanduzwa gusa mugihe gito kandi ntigishobora kurenza ingano ya segment (MSS). Mugihe cyayo, igice cya paki kirarengana unyuze kumurongo. Umuyoboro uhuza ufite igishushanyo ntarengwa (MTU), nikihe buryo ntarengwa bwipaki gishobora kunyura kumurongo uhuza amakuru. Igice ntarengwa cyoherezwa mubisanzwe kijyanye nimikorere yitumanaho.
None irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya MSS na MTU?
Mu miyoboro ya mudasobwa, ubwubatsi buhuza ni ngombwa kuko bizirikana itandukaniro riri hagati yinzego zitandukanye. Buri cyiciro gifite izina ritandukanye; Mu rwego rwo gutwara, amakuru yitwa igice, kandi mu rusobe rw'urusobe, amakuru yitwa IP paki. Kubwibyo, igice ntarengwa cyoherezwa (MTU) gishobora gutekerezwa nkibinini byipaki ntarengwa bishobora kwanduzwa kumurongo, mugihe ingano ntarengwa yo gutwara ibintu bivuga umubare ntarengwa wamakuru mugihe.
Menya ko iyo ingano ntarengwa ya segment (mss) nini kuruta ishami rikuru (MTU), iP izakorwa kumurongo wa Network, kandi TCP ntazagabanya amakuru manini mubice bibereye ingano ya MTU. Hazaba igice kumurongo wurusobe rweguriwe urwego rwa IP.
Imiterere ya TCP
Reka dusuzume imiterere nibirimo bya TCP imitwe ya TCP.
Inomero ikurikiranye: Umubare usanzwe wakozwe na mudasobwa mugihe ihuza ryashyizweho nkikimenyetso cyayo cyambere mugihe ihuza rya TCP ryashyizweho, kandi nimero ikurikiranye yoherejwe kubakira muri pasika. Mugihe cyo kwanduza amakuru, uwatohereje yiyongera nimero ikurikiranye ukurikije umubare wamakuru yoherejwe. Abacamanza bakira urutonde rwamakuru ukurikije nimero yakiriwe. Niba amakuru yabonetse atangwa neza, uwakiriye azahindura amakuru kugirango akemure gahunda yamakuru.
Inomero yemewe: Uyu numubare ukurikirana ukoreshwa muri TCP kugirango wemere inyemezabwishyu yamakuru. Irerekana umubare ukurikirana amakuru akurikira abayeguriye Imana. Muburyo bwo guhuza TCP, uwakiriye agena amakuru yakiriwe neza ashingiye kumubare ukurikirana igice cyamakuru yakiriwe. Iyo uwakiriye yakiriye neza amakuru, yohereza paki ya ACK kubohereje, ikubiyemo numero yemerwa. Nyuma yo kwakira paki ya ACK, uwayohereje arashobora kwemeza ko amakuru mbere yo kwemera nimero yo gusubiza yakiriwe neza.
Igenzura Ibice bya TCP birimo ibi bikurikira:
Ack bit: Iyo iyi biti ari 1, bivuze ko kwemeza gusubiza umurima bifite ishingiro. TCP isobanura ko iyi biti igomba gushyirwaho kugeza 1 usibye sys paki mugihe ihuriro ryashyizweho.
Umwihato: Iyo iyi biti ari 1, byerekana ko hari ibintu bidasanzwe muburyo bwa TCP kandi ihuza igomba guhatirwa gucika intege.
Syn: Iyo iyi biti yashizweho kuri 1, bivuze ko ihuriro rigomba gushirwaho kandi agaciro kambere ka nimero ikurikiranye ishyirwa mubikorwa byumubare.
Fin: Iyo iyi biti ari 1, bivuze ko ntakindi kibazo cyoherezwa mugihe kizaza hamwe nibyifuzo byifuzwa.
Imikorere itandukanye nibiranga TCP igaragara nimiterere ya TCP ibice bya paki.
UDP ni iki? (GuhunikaUmuyoboronaUmuyoboro wa pakiirashobora gutunganya udupapuro twa TCP cyangwa UDP)
Umukoresha Datagram Potokole (UDP) ni uguhuza protocole idafite itumanaho. Ugereranije na TCP, UDP ntabwo itanga uburyo bugoye. Porotokole ya UDP yemerera porogaramu zohereza mu buryo butaziguye paki zishyize hamwe zidashidikanyeho. Iyo uwayitezi ahisemo gukoresha UDP aho kuba TCP, porogaramu ivugana na IP.
Izina ryuzuye rya Porotokole ni Umukoresha Datagram Potokole, kandi Umutwe wacyo ni Bytes umunani gusa (64), bigufi cyane. Imiterere yumutwe wa UDP niyi ikurikira:
Icyerekezo n'inkombe: Intego yabo nyamukuru nukwerekana inzira UDP igomba kohereza paki.
Ingano ya paki: Ingano yubunini bwa paki ifite ubunini bwa UDP Umutwe wongeyeho ingano yamakuru
Cheque: Yashizweho kugirango itange imitwe yizewe kandi amakuru uruhare rwa cheque ni ukumenya niba ikosa cyangwa ruswa byabaye mugihe cyo kohereza paki ya UDP kugirango ibe inyangamugayo.
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya TCP na UDP mu guhunkaUmuyoboronaUmuyoboro wa pakiirashobora gutunganya uduce tcp cyangwa udp
TCP na UDP biratandukanye mubice bikurikira:
Guhuza: TCP ni protocole ihuza ihuza risaba ihuriro ryashyizweho mbere yamakuru ashobora kwimurwa. UDP, kurundi ruhande, ntibisaba guhuza kandi bishobora kohereza amakuru ako kanya.
Ikintu: TCP nimwe-ingingo imwe-imwe-imwe, ni ukuvuga, guhuza bifite iherezo ryanyuma kugirango tuvugane. Ariko, UDP ishyigikira kimwe-umwe, kimwe-kuri-nyinshi, kandi myinshi-imikoranire yikoranabuhanga, ishobora kuvugana nabashitsi benshi icyarimwe.
Kwizerwa: TCP itanga serivisi yo gutanga amakuru yizewe, kureba niba amakuru ari amakosa, gutakaza-ubusa, bidahuje, kandi akazagera kubisabwa. UDP, kurundi ruhande, imbaraga zayo zose kandi ntabwo zemeza ko zitangwa byizewe. UDP irashobora kubabazwa no gutakaza amakuru nibindi bihe mugihe cyo kwanduza.
Igenzura ry'imivugo, kugenzura: TCP ifite uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura imigereka, bushobora guhindura igipimo cyamakuru hakurikijwe imiyoboro kugirango umutekano wemeze umutekano n'umutekano wo kwanduza amakuru. UDP ntabwo ifite uburyo bwo kugenzura no kugenzura imigereka, nubwo umuyoboro wuzuye cyane, ntabwo bizahindura igipimo cya UDP cyohereje.
Umutwe hejuru: TCP ifite imitwe miremire, mubisanzwe 20 bytes, yongera mugihe hakoreshejwe amahitamo akoreshwa. UDP, kurundi ruhande, ifite umutwe uhamye wa Bytes 8 gusa, UDP rero ifite umutwe muto hejuru.
TCP na UDP Scenarios:
TCP na UDP nibice bibiri bitandukanye byimodoka, kandi bifite itandukaniro mubice bya Porogaramu.
Kubera ko TCP ari protocole ishingiyeho, ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri scenarios aho gutanga amakuru yizewe. Imanza zimwe zisanzwe zirimo:
Kohereza dosiye: TCP irashobora kwemeza ko dosiye zitazimiye kandi zangiritse mugihe cyo kwimurwa.
Http / https: TCP iremeza ubunyangamugayo no gukosora kurubuga.
Kuberako UdP ari isezerano ridafite ishingiro, ntabwo itanga ingwate yizewe, ariko ifite ibiranga imikorere nigihe nyacyo. UDP irakwiriye ibikurikira:
Traffic-packet, nka dns (sisitemu yizina rya domaine): Ibibazo bya DNS mubisanzwe ni paki ngufi, kandi UDP irashobora kuyirara vuba.
Multimedia Itumanaho nka videwo na Audio: Kuri Multimediya yanduza ibisabwa byinshi, UDP irashobora gutanga ubunebwe bwo hasi kugirango amakuru ashobora kwanduzwa mugihe gikwiye.
Itumanaho: UDP ishyigikira kimwe-kuri-nyinshi kandi nyinshi-nyinshi kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura ubutumwa bwo gutangaza.
Incamake
Uyu munsi twize kuri TCP. TCP ni ihuza ryerekanwe, ryizewe, byte-strem ishingiye kumyitozo ngororamubiri. Iremeza koherezwa kwizerwa no kwakira neza amakuru ashyiraho umurongo, handhake no kwemera. TCP protocole ikoresha ibyambu kugirango itange itumanaho hagati yibikorwa, kandi itanga serivisi zitazituzi kubikorwa byo gusaba bikora ku ngabo zitandukanye. TCP ihuza ni duplex yuzuye, yemerera guhuza amakuru icyarimwe amakuru. Ibinyuranye, UDP ni ihuriro ryitumanaho ridafite ishingiro, ridatanga ingwate zishingiye ku kwizerwa kandi rikwiriye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bisabwa. TCP na UDP biratandukanye muburyo bwo guhuza, ikintu cya serivisi, kwizerwa, kugenzura ubwiyunga, kugenzura imigereka nibindi bintu, kandi ibintu byabo biratandukanye.
Igihe cyohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024
