Uyu munsi, tugiye gutangira twibanda kuri TCP. Mbere mu gice kijyanye no gutondeka, twavuze ingingo y'ingenzi. Kurusobekerane rwurusobekerane no hepfo, birenze kubyerekeranye no kwakira abashyitsi, bivuze ko mudasobwa yawe igomba kumenya aho indi mudasobwa iri kugirango ihuze nayo. Nyamara, itumanaho murusobe akenshi risobanura itumanaho aho gutumanaho hagati. Kubwibyo, protocole ya TCP itangiza igitekerezo cyicyambu. Icyambu gishobora gutwarwa nuburyo bumwe gusa, butanga itumanaho ritaziguye hagati yimikorere ikoreshwa kuri hosties zitandukanye.
Igikorwa cyubwikorezi nuburyo bwo gutanga serivise itumanaho itaziguye hagati yimikorere ikoreshwa kuri host zitandukanye, bityo bizwi kandi nka protocole iherezo-iherezo. Igice cyo gutwara abantu gihisha amakuru yibanze y'urusobe, yemerera inzira yo gusaba kureba nkaho hari umuyoboro wogutumanaho urangiye-urangira hagati yinzego zombi zitwara abantu.
TCP isobanura Transmission Control Protocol kandi izwi nka protocole-ihuza protocole. Ibi bivuze ko mbere yuko porogaramu imwe ishobora gutangira kohereza amakuru kurindi, inzira zombi zigomba gukora ukuboko. Handshake ni inzira ihujwe ituma ihererekanyabubasha ryizewe kandi ryakira neza amakuru. Mugihe cyo gufatana urunana, hashyizweho ihuriro hagati yinkomoko n’aho ryerekeza muguhana urukurikirane rwibikoresho byo kugenzura no kumvikana kubintu bimwe na bimwe kugirango amategeko yohereze neza.
TCP ni iki? (Mylinking'sKanda UmuyoboronaUmuyoboro wumuyoboroirashobora gutunganya byombi TCP cyangwa UDP)
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) ni ihuriro ryerekanwe, ryizewe, byte-stream ishingiye kuri transport layer itumanaho protocole.
Kwihuza.
Yizewe.
Byte-stream-ishingiye.
Iyo host A na host B bimaze gushiraho, porogaramu ikenera gusa gukoresha umurongo wogutumanaho muburyo bwo kohereza no kwakira amakuru, bityo bigatuma amakuru yohereza. Porotokole ya TCP ishinzwe kugenzura imirimo nko gushiraho imiyoboro, guhagarika, no gufata. Twabibutsa ko hano tuvuze umurongo wuburyo bisobanura gusa gushiraho umurongo, TCP protocole ihuza gusa yerekana ko impande zombi zishobora gutangira kohereza amakuru, no kwemeza ko amakuru yizewe. Inzira nogutwara imiyoboro ikoreshwa nibikoresho byurusobe; protocole ya TCP ubwayo ntabwo ihangayikishijwe nibi bisobanuro.
Ihuza rya TCP ni serivisi yuzuye-duplex, bivuze ko host A na host B bashobora kohereza amakuru mubyerekezo byombi muguhuza TCP. Nukuvuga, amakuru arashobora kwimurwa hagati ya host A na host B muburyo bubiri.
TCP ibika by'agateganyo amakuru muri connexion yohereza buffer. Kohereza buffer ni imwe muri cashe yashyizweho mugihe cyinzira eshatu. Ibikurikira, TCP izohereza amakuru muburyo bwo kohereza cache kubakira cache yicyerekezo cyakira mugihe gikwiye. Mu myitozo, buri rungano ruzagira kohereza cache hamwe no kwakira cache, nkuko bigaragara hano:
Kohereza buffer ni agace k'ububiko bubungabunzwe na TCP ishyirwa mubikorwa kuruhande rwohereje ikoreshwa mukubika by'agateganyo amakuru yoherejwe. Iyo inzira-eshatu zo guhana zakozwe kugirango habeho guhuza, kohereza cache yashyizweho kandi ikoreshwa mukubika amakuru. Kohereza buffer byahinduwe muburyo bukurikije urusobe rwibitekerezo hamwe nibitekerezo bivuye kubakira.
Kwakira buffer ni agace k'ububiko bubungabunzwe na TCP ishyirwa mubikorwa kuruhande rwakiriwe ikoreshwa mukubika by'agateganyo amakuru yakiriwe. TCP ibika amakuru yakiriwe muri cache yakira igategereza porogaramu yo hejuru kuyisoma.
Menya ko ingano yo kohereza cache no kwakira cache igarukira, mugihe cache yuzuye, TCP irashobora gufata ingamba zimwe na zimwe, nko kugenzura ibibazo, kugenzura imigezi, nibindi, kugirango amakuru yizewe kandi ahamye.
Mumuyoboro wa mudasobwa, ihererekanyamakuru hagati yabakiriya rikorwa hakoreshejwe ibice. Noneho agace k'ipaki ni iki?
TCP ikora igice cya TCP, cyangwa paki igice, mugabanye imigezi yinjira mo uduce hanyuma wongere imitwe ya TCP kuri buri gice. Buri gice gishobora koherezwa gusa mugihe gito kandi ntigishobora kurenga Ingano ntarengwa (MSS). Mu kumanuka, igice gipakiye kinyura kumurongo. Ihuriro ryihuza rifite uburyo bwo kohereza cyane (MTU), nubunini bwa paki ntarengwa bushobora kunyura murwego rwamakuru. Igice kinini cyohereza mubisanzwe bifitanye isano nu itumanaho.
None ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya MSS na MTU?
Mumurongo wa mudasobwa, ubwubatsi bwa hierarchique nibyingenzi cyane kuko hitabwa kubitandukanya urwego rutandukanye. Buri cyiciro gifite izina ritandukanye; murwego rwo gutwara abantu, amakuru yitwa igice, naho murwego rwurusobe, amakuru yitwa IP packet. Kubwibyo, Ishami rishinzwe kohereza (MTU) rishobora gutekerezwa nkubunini bwa IP paketi Ingano ishobora kwanduzwa nurusobe, mugihe Maximum Segment Size (MSS) nigitekerezo cyo gutwara abantu bivuga umubare munini wamakuru ashobora koherezwa na paki ya TCP icyarimwe.
Menya ko mugihe Ingano ntarengwa ya Segiteri (MSS) ari nini kuruta ishami ryogukwirakwiza (MTU), gucamo IP bizakorerwa kumurongo, kandi TCP ntizagabanya amakuru manini mubice bikwiranye nubunini bwa MTU. Hazaba igice kumurongo wurusobe rweguriwe IP.
Imiterere ya packet ya TCP
Reka dusuzume imiterere n'ibiri mumitwe ya TCP.
Inomero y'urukurikirane. Mugihe cyo kohereza amakuru, uwayohereje yongera umubare ukurikirana ukurikije umubare wamakuru yoherejwe. Uwakiriye acira urubanza amakuru akurikije nimero yakiriwe. Niba amakuru abonetse adafite gahunda, uyakira azongera gutondekanya amakuru kugirango yemeze uko amakuru akurikirana.
Inomero yo gushimira: Numubare ukurikirana ukoreshwa muri TCP kugirango wemere kwakira amakuru. Irerekana umubare ukurikirana wamakuru akurikira uwayohereje yiteze kwakira. Mumuhuza wa TCP, uwakiriye agena amakuru yakiriwe neza hashingiwe ku mubare ukurikirana w'amakuru yakiriwe. Iyo uwakiriye yakiriye neza amakuru, yohereza paki ya ACK kubohereje, ikubiyemo nimero yo kwemeza. Nyuma yo kwakira paki ya ACK, uwayohereje arashobora kwemeza ko amakuru mbere yo kwemeza nimero yo gusubiza yakiriwe neza.
Igenzura ryibice bya TCP birimo ibi bikurikira:
ACK bit: Iyo iyi biti ari 1, bivuze ko umurima wo gusubiza wemewe. TCP isobanura ko iyi biti igomba gushyirwaho 1 usibye paketi ya SYN mugihe ihuriro ryashizweho bwa mbere.
RST bit: Iyo iyi biti ari 1, byerekana ko hari ibitagenda neza muri TCP ihuza kandi ihuza rigomba guhatirwa guhagarikwa.
SYN bit: Iyo iyi biti yashyizwe kuri 1, bivuze ko ihuriro rigomba gushyirwaho kandi agaciro kambere k'umubare ukurikirana gashyirwa mumibare ikurikirana.
FIN bit: Iyo iyi biti ari 1, bivuze ko ntayandi makuru azoherezwa mugihe kizaza kandi ihuriro ryifuzwa.
Imikorere itandukanye n'ibiranga TCP bigaragazwa n'imiterere y'ibice by'ipaki ya TCP.
UDP ni iki? (Mylinking'sKanda UmuyoboronaUmuyoboro wumuyoboroirashobora gutunganya byombi TCP cyangwa UDP)
Umukoresha Datagram Porotokole (UDP) ni protocole y'itumanaho idafite aho ihuriye. Ugereranije na TCP, UDP ntabwo itanga uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura. Porotokole ya UDP yemerera porogaramu kohereza mu buryo butaziguye ipaki ya IP idashizeho umurongo. Iyo uwatezimbere ahisemo gukoresha UDP aho gukoresha TCP, porogaramu ivugana na IP.
Izina ryuzuye rya Porotokole ya UDP ni Umukoresha Datagram Protocole, kandi umutwe wacyo ni byite umunani gusa (64 bit), bikaba bisobanutse neza. Imiterere yumutwe wa UDP nuburyo bukurikira:
Icyerekezo n'icyambu: Intego yabo nyamukuru nukwerekana inzira UDP igomba kohereza paki.
Ingano yipaki: Ubunini bwa paki umurima ufite ubunini bwumutwe wa UDP wongeyeho ubunini bwamakuru
Kugenzura.
Itandukaniro hagati ya TCP na UDP muri MylinkingKanda UmuyoboronaUmuyoboro wumuyoboroirashobora gutunganya byombi TCP cyangwa UDP
TCP na UDP biratandukanye mubice bikurikira:
Kwihuza: TCP ni protokole yo gutwara abantu isaba guhuza gushiraho mbere yuko amakuru yimurwa. Ku rundi ruhande, UDP, ntabwo isaba guhuza kandi irashobora kohereza amakuru ako kanya.
Intego ya serivisi: TCP ni serivisi imwe-imwe-imwe ya serivisi ebyiri, ni ukuvuga, ihuza rifite aho rihurira gusa kugirango tuvugane. Ariko, UDP ishyigikira umwe-umwe, umwe-kuri-benshi, na benshi-kuri-benshi bahanahana amakuru, bishobora kuvugana nabashitsi benshi icyarimwe.
Kwizerwa: TCP itanga serivisi yo gutanga amakuru yizewe, ikemeza ko amakuru adafite amakosa, nta gihombo, nta kwigana, kandi ageze kubisabwa. Ku rundi ruhande, UDP, ikora ibishoboka byose kandi ntabwo yemeza ko itangwa ryizewe. UDP irashobora guhura namakuru yatakaye nibindi bihe mugihe cyo kohereza.
Kugenzura amatorero, kugenzura imigendekere. UDP ntabwo ifite uburyo bwo kugenzura ibibazo no kugenzura imigendekere, nubwo umuyoboro wuzuye cyane, ntabwo bizahindura igipimo cyo kohereza UDP.
Umutwe hejuru: TCP ifite uburebure bwumutwe muremure, mubisanzwe 20 bytes, byiyongera mugihe amahitamo yakoreshejwe. Ku rundi ruhande, UDP, ifite umutwe uhamye wa bytes 8 gusa, bityo UDP ifite umutwe wo hasi hejuru.
Ibikorwa bya TCP na UDP:
TCP na UDP ni protocole ebyiri zitandukanye zo gutwara abantu, kandi bafite itandukaniro muburyo bwo gusaba.
Kubera ko TCP ari protocole-ihuza protocole, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubihe bisabwa gutanga amakuru yizewe. Imanza zimwe zikoreshwa zirimo:
Kohereza dosiye ya FTP: TCP irashobora kwemeza ko dosiye zidatakara kandi zangiritse mugihe cyo kohereza.
HTTP / HTTPS: TCP yemeza ubunyangamugayo nukuri kwibirimo kurubuga.
Kuberako UDP ari protocole idafite aho ihuriye, ntabwo itanga garanti yo kwizerwa, ariko ifite ibiranga imikorere nigihe-nyacyo. UDP ibereye ibintu bikurikira:
Urujya n'uruza ruto, nka DNS (Sisitemu Izina Sisitemu): Ibibazo bya DNS mubisanzwe ni udupaki duto, kandi UDP irashobora kuzuzuza vuba.
Itumanaho rya Multimediya nka videwo n'amajwi: Kubijyanye na multimediyo hamwe nibisabwa byukuri-byukuri, UDP irashobora gutanga ubukererwe buke kugirango amakuru ashobora koherezwa mugihe gikwiye.
Itumanaho: UDP ishyigikira itumanaho kuri benshi kandi benshi-kuri-benshi kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugutangaza ubutumwa bwamamaza.
Incamake
Uyu munsi twize ibya TCP. TCP ni ihuriro ryerekanwe, ryizewe, byte-stream ishingiye kubitumanaho byitumanaho protocole. Iremeza kohereza amakuru yizewe no kwakira neza amakuru mugushiraho guhuza, guhana ukuboko no kwemerwa. Porotokole ya TCP ikoresha ibyambu kugirango imenye itumanaho hagati yimikorere, kandi itanga serivisi zitumanaho zitaziguye kubikorwa bikoreshwa kuri hosties zitandukanye. Ihuza rya TCP ryuzuye-duplex, ryemerera icyarimwe guhererekanya amakuru. Ibinyuranye, UDP ni protocole itumanaho idafite aho ihuriye, idatanga ingwate yo kwizerwa kandi ikwiranye na ssenarios zimwe na zimwe zisabwa igihe-nyacyo. TCP na UDP biratandukanye muburyo bwo guhuza, ikintu cya serivisi, kwiringirwa, kugenzura imidugararo, kugenzura imigezi nibindi bintu, kandi ibyasabwe nabyo biratandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2024
