Muburyo bugezweho bwububiko, VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) na VXLAN (Virtual Extended Local Area Network) nuburyo bubiri bukoreshwa muburyo bwa tekinoroji. Bashobora gusa nkaho basa, ariko mubyukuri hariho umubare wingenzi utandukanye.
VLAN (Umuyoboro Wibanze Wibanze)
VLAN ni Virtual Local Network Network (Virtual local area network) mu magambo ahinnye. Nubuhanga bugabanya ibikoresho bifatika muri LAN muri subnets nyinshi ukurikije isano yumvikana. VLAN yashyizwe kumurongo uhindura kugirango igabanye ibikoresho byurusobe mumatsinda atandukanye yumvikana. Nubwo ibyo bikoresho bishobora kuba biri mumubiri ahantu hatandukanye, VLAN ibafasha kuba muburyo bumwe muburyo bumwe, bigafasha gucunga no kwigunga.
Intangiriro ya tekinoroji ya VLAN iri mu kugabana ibyambu. Abahindura bayobora traffic bashingiye ku ndangamuntu ya VLAN (Ikiranga VLAN). ID ya VLAN iri hagati ya 1 na 4095 kandi mubisanzwe ni imibare ibiri (ni ukuvuga intera 0 kugeza 4095), bivuze ko switch ishobora gushyigikira VLans zigera ku 4.096.
Urupapuro rw'akazi
Ident Kumenyekanisha VLAN: Iyo paki yinjiye muri switch, switch ihitamo aho VLAN ipaki igomba koherezwa hashingiwe kumakuru ya VLAN mumapaki. Mubisanzwe, protokole ya IEEE 802.1Q ikoreshwa kuri VLAN kuranga ikadiri yamakuru.
Domisiyo ya VLAN Ikwirakwizwa: Buri VLAN ni indangarubuga yigenga. Nubwo VLans nyinshi ziri kumurongo umwe wumubiri, ibiganiro byabo bitandukanijwe hagati yabo, bikagabanya urujya n'uruza rwinshi.
○ Kohereza amakuru: Hindura yohereza amakuru paki kumurongo uhuye ukurikije tagi zitandukanye za VLAN. Niba ibikoresho hagati ya VLans zitandukanye bigomba kuvugana, bigomba koherezwa hifashishijwe ibikoresho 3, nka router.
Dufate ko ufite isosiyete ifite amashami menshi, buri imwe ikoresha VLAN itandukanye. Hamwe na switch, urashobora kugabanya ibikoresho byose mumashami yimari muri VLAN 10, abari mumashami agurisha muri VLAN 20, naho abashinzwe ishami rya tekinike muri VLAN 30. Muri ubwo buryo, umuyoboro uhuza amashami uri wenyine.
Ibyiza
Umutekano unoze: VLAN irashobora gukumira neza kwinjira bitemewe hagati ya VLans mugabanye serivisi zitandukanye mumiyoboro itandukanye.
Management Imicungire y’umuhanda: Mugutanga VLans, umuyaga wogukwirakwiza urashobora kwirindwa kandi umuyoboro urashobora gukora neza. Ibipapuro byamamaza bizakwirakwizwa gusa muri VLAN, bigabanya imikoreshereze yumurongo.
○ Umuyoboro uhuza: VLAN irashobora kugabanya byoroshye umuyoboro ukurikije ubucuruzi bukenewe. Kurugero, ibikoresho mumashami yimari birashobora guhabwa VLAN imwe niyo yaba iri mumagorofa atandukanye.
Imipaka
Sc Ubunini buke: Nkuko VLans yishingikiriza kumahinduka gakondo kandi igashyigikira VLans zigera kuri 4096, ibi birashobora kuba icyuho cyumuyoboro munini cyangwa nini nini yibidukikije.
Problem Ikibazo cyo guhuza imiyoboro ya interineti: VLAN numuyoboro waho, itumanaho ryambukiranya VLAN rigomba gukorwa binyuze muburyo butatu cyangwa router, bishobora kongera umurongo wurusobe.
Ikirangantego
Kwigunga n'umutekano mu miyoboro ya Enterprises: VLans ikoreshwa cyane mu mishinga y'inganda, cyane cyane mu mashyirahamwe manini cyangwa ibidukikije byambukiranya amashami. Umutekano no kugenzura imiyoboro irashobora gukemurwa no kugabanya amashami atandukanye cyangwa sisitemu yubucuruzi binyuze muri VLAN. Kurugero, ishami ryimari akenshi rizaba muri VLAN itandukanye nishami rya R&D kugirango birinde kwinjira bitemewe.
Kugabanya Umuyaga Wamamaza: VLAN ifasha kugabanya urujya n'uruza rwinshi. Mubisanzwe, ibipapuro byogusakaza bizakwirakwizwa murusobe, ariko mubidukikije bya VLAN, urujya n'uruza rwakwirakwizwa muri VLAN gusa, ibyo bikagabanya neza umutwaro wurusobe uterwa numuyaga wo gutangaza.
Network Umuyoboro muto cyangwa urwego ruciriritse rwibanze: Kubigo bimwe na bimwe bito n'ibiciriritse, VLAN itanga inzira yoroshye kandi ifatika yo kubaka umuyoboro wihariye, bigatuma imiyoborere ihindagurika.
VXLAN (Umuyoboro mugari waho wagutse)
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) ni tekinoroji nshya yatanzwe kugirango ikemure imipaka ya VLAN gakondo murwego runini rwamakuru kandi ibidukikije. Ikoresha tekinoroji yo kwimura ibice 2 (L2) byapakiye amakuru binyuze mumurongo uriho wa Layeri 3 (L3), uca mumipaka ntarengwa ya VLAN.
Binyuze mu buhanga bwa tunnel hamwe na encapsulation, VXLAN "ipfunyika" ibice byumwimerere ibice 2 byamakuru mubice 3 bya IP data, kugirango paki zamakuru zishobora koherezwa mumurongo wa IP uhari. Intangiriro ya VXLAN iri muburyo bwa ensapsulation hamwe na unencapsulation, ni ukuvuga, ikadiri ya L2 gakondo igizwe na protocole ya UDP kandi ikanyuzwa kumurongo wa IP.
Urupapuro rw'akazi
○ VXLAN Umutwe Encapsulation: Mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya VXLAN, buri paki 2 igizwe na pack ya UDP. VXLAN ikubiyemo ikubiyemo: VXLAN iranga umuyoboro (VNI), umutwe wa UDP, umutwe wa IP nandi makuru.
Term Umuyoboro wa tunnel (VTEP): VXLAN ikoresha tekinoroji ya tunnel kandi paki zirashizwemo kandi ntizifunguye binyuze mubikoresho bibiri bya VTEP. VTEP, VXLAN Umuyoboro wa nyuma, ni ikiraro gihuza VLAN na VXLAN. VTEP ikubiyemo udupaki twakiriwe L2 nkibipaki bya VXLAN ikabyohereza aho bijya VTEP, nayo ikaba idapfundikira udupaki twabitswe mumapaki yambere ya L2.
Process Gahunda yo Kwirinda VXLAN: Nyuma yo guhuza umutwe wa VXLAN kumpapuro zumwimerere, paki yamakuru azoherezwa aho yerekeza VTEP binyuze mumurongo wa IP. Aho ujya VTEP ikuraho paki ikohereza kubakira neza hashingiwe kumakuru ya VNI.
Ibyiza
Ala Ikigereranyo: VXLAN ishyigikira imiyoboro igera kuri miriyoni 16 (VNI), irenze cyane ibiranga 4096 bya VLAN, bigatuma biba byiza kubigo binini binini byamakuru hamwe nibidukikije.
Support Inkunga-yamakuru ya Centre Inkunga: VXLAN irashobora kwagura umuyoboro wukuri hagati yamakuru menshi ahantu hatandukanye, ugahagarika imipaka ya VLAN gakondo, kandi ikwiranye no kubara ibicu bigezweho no kubidukikije.
○ Koroshya amakuru ya Network Centre: Binyuze kuri VXLAN, ibikoresho byibyuma biva mubikorwa bitandukanye birashobora gukorana, gushyigikira ibidukikije bikodeshwa, no koroshya igishushanyo mbonera cyibigo binini binini.
Imipaka
Complex Ibigoye cyane: Iboneza rya VXLAN biragoye cyane, birimo gufunga tunnel, iboneza rya VTEP, nibindi, bisaba inkunga yinyongera ya tekinike kandi byongera imikorere yimikorere no kuyitunganya.
Lat Umuyoboro wihuta: Bitewe nuburyo bwinyongera busabwa nuburyo bwo gufunga no kudafunga, VXLAN irashobora gushiraho uburyo bwihuta bwurusobe, nubwo ubu bukererwe busanzwe ari buto, ariko buracyakenewe kumenyekana mubikorwa byinshi bisaba ibidukikije.
Ikoreshwa rya VXLAN
○ Data Center Network Virtualisation: VXLAN ikoreshwa cyane mubigo binini binini. Seriveri muri data center isanzwe ikoresha tekinoroji ya Virtualisation, VXLAN irashobora gufasha gukora umuyoboro wukuri hagati ya seriveri zitandukanye zifatika, ukirinda kugabanuka kwa VLAN mubunini.
Ibidukikije byinshi-bikodesha Ibicu: Mu gicu rusange cyangwa cyigenga, VXLAN irashobora gutanga umuyoboro wigenga kuri buri mukode kandi ukamenya umuyoboro ukodeshwa na VNI. Iyi miterere ya VXLAN ikwiranye neza na comptabilite igezweho hamwe nibidukikije bikodeshwa.
Sc Gupima Umuyoboro Hafi ya Data Centre: VXLAN irakwiriye cyane cyane kuri ssenariyo aho imiyoboro isanzwe igomba koherezwa mubigo byinshi cyangwa amakuru. Kuberako VXLAN ikoresha imiyoboro ya IP mugukwirakwiza, irashobora kuzenguruka byoroshye amakuru atandukanye hamwe na geografiya kugirango igere kumurongo wagutse kwisi yose.
VLAN vs VxLAN
VLAN na VXLAN byombi ni tekinoroji ya tekinoroji, ariko birakwiriye muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. VLAN ibereye ibidukikije bito cyangwa biciriritse, kandi irashobora gutanga imiyoboro yibanze hamwe numutekano. Imbaraga zayo ziri mubworoshye, koroshya iboneza, hamwe ninkunga yagutse.
VXLAN ni tekinoroji yashizweho kugirango ihangane nogukenera kwaguka kwinshi kwurusobe rwibigo bigezweho ndetse no kubara ibicu. Imbaraga za VXLAN ziri mubushobozi bwayo bwo gushyigikira miriyoni zurusobe rwimikorere, bigatuma bikwiranye no gukoresha imiyoboro igaragara mubigo byamakuru. Iracamo imipaka ya VLAN mubunini, kandi irakwiriye kubushakashatsi bwimbitse.
Nubwo izina rya VXLAN risa nkaho ari protocole yo kwagura VLAN, mubyukuri, VXLAN yari itandukanye cyane na VLAN nubushobozi bwayo bwo kubaka tunone. Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yabo niyi ikurikira:
Ikiranga | VLAN | VXLAN |
|---|---|---|
| Bisanzwe | IEEE 802.1Q | RFC 7348 (IETF) |
| Inzira | Igice cya 2 (Ihuza ryamakuru) | Igice cya 2 hejuru ya Layeri 3 (L2oL3) |
| Encapsulation | 802.1Q Umutwe wa Ethernet | MAC-muri-UDP (ikubiyemo IP) |
| Ingano y'indangamuntu | 12-bit (0-4095 VLANs) | 24-bit (miliyoni 16.7 VNIs) |
| Ubunini | Ntarengwa (4094 ikoreshwa VLAN) | Igipimo kinini (gishyigikira ibicu byinshi-bikodesha) |
| Gukemura ibibazo | Umwuzure gakondo (muri VLAN) | Koresha IP multicast cyangwa imitwe-yo kwigana |
| Hejuru | Hasi (tagi ya 4-byte VLAN) | Hejuru (~ 50 bytes: UDP + IP + imitwe ya VXLAN) |
| Kwigunga mu muhanda | Yego (kuri VLAN) | Yego (kuri VNI) |
| Umuyoboro | Nta tunnel (igorofa L2) | Koresha VTEPs (Impera ya VXLAN) |
| Koresha Imanza | Gitoya / giciriritse LAN, imiyoboro yimishinga | Ibicu byamakuru yibicu, SDN, VMware NSX, Cisco ACI |
| Kuzenguruka Igiti (STP) | Yego (gukumira ibizunguruka) | Oya (ikoresha inzira ya Layeri 3, irinda ibibazo bya STP) |
| Inkunga yibikoresho | Gushyigikirwa kuri sisitemu zose | Irasaba guhinduranya VXLAN / NICs (cyangwa software VTEPs) |
| Inkunga ya mobile | Ntarengwa (murwego rumwe rwa L2) | Ibyiza (VMs irashobora kwimuka kuri subnets) |
Niki Mylinking ™ Umuyoboro wa Packet Broker yakora kuri tekinoroji ya Virtual?
VLAN Tagged, VLAN Tagged, VLAN Yasimbuwe:
Shyigikira guhuza umurima uwo ariwo wose wingenzi muri 128 byambere ya paki. Umukoresha arashobora guhitamo agaciro ka offset nuburebure bwumurima uburebure nibirimo, akanagena politiki yo gusohoka mumodoka ukurikije iboneza ryabakoresha.
Gukuramo umurongo wa tunnel:
Gushyigikira VxLAN, VLAN, GRE, GTP, MPLS, umutwe wa IPIP wambuwe mumapaki yumwimerere hanyuma wohereza hanze.
Kumenyekanisha Porotokole Kumenyekanisha
Gushyigikirwa uhita umenyekanisha protocole zitandukanye nka GTP / GRE / PPTP / L2TP / PPPOE / IPIP. Ukurikije iboneza ryabakoresha, ingamba zo gusohora traffic zirashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa ukurikije imbere cyangwa hanze yumurongo
Urashobora kugenzura hano kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye bijyanyeUmuyoboro wumuyoboro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-25-2025
