Umuntu wese mubuzima byinshi cyangwa bike guhura na IT hamwe na OT, tugomba kurushaho kumenyera IT, ariko OT irashobora kuba itamenyerewe, none uyumunsi kugirango dusangire nawe bimwe mubitekerezo byibanze bya IT na OT.
Ikoranabuhanga rikorwa (OT) ni iki?
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji (OT) nugukoresha ibyuma na software kugirango ukurikirane kandi ugenzure inzira zifatika, ibikoresho, nibikorwa remezo. Sisitemu yikoranabuhanga ikora iboneka murwego runini rwimitungo myinshi. Bakora imirimo itandukanye kuva mugukurikirana ibikorwa remezo bikomeye (CI) kugeza kugenzura robot hasi.
OT ikoreshwa mu nganda zinyuranye zirimo gukora, peteroli na gaze, kubyara amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza, indege, inyanja, gari ya moshi, n’ibikorwa remezo.
IT.
IT. IT yibanda cyane cyane gutunganya amakuru, itumanaho ryurusobe, guteza imbere software no gukora no gufata neza imishinga, nka sisitemu yo gutangiza ibiro byimbere mu gihugu, sisitemu yo gucunga amakuru, ibikoresho byurusobe, nibindi.
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji (OT) ryerekeza ku ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n’ibikorwa bifatika bifatika, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gucunga no kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu murima, ibikorwa by’inganda, na sisitemu z'umutekano. OT yibanze ku bijyanye no kugenzura ibyikora, kugenzura ibyiyumvo, kubona amakuru ku gihe no gutunganya ku murongo w’umusaruro w’uruganda, nka sisitemu yo kugenzura umusaruro (SCADA), sensor na moteri, hamwe na protocole y’itumanaho mu nganda.
Isano iri hagati ya IT na OT ni uko ikoranabuhanga na serivisi za IT bishobora gutanga inkunga no gutezimbere OT, nko gukoresha imiyoboro ya mudasobwa na sisitemu ya software kugira ngo igere kure no gucunga ibikoresho by’inganda; Muri icyo gihe, amakuru nyayo nigihe umusaruro wa OT urashobora kandi gutanga amakuru yingenzi kubyemezo byubucuruzi bwa IT no gusesengura amakuru.
Kwishyira hamwe kwa IT na OT nabyo ni inzira yingenzi mubikorwa byinganda. Muguhuza ikoranabuhanga namakuru ya IT na OT, umusaruro ushimishije kandi wubwenge umusaruro winganda nogucunga ibikorwa birashobora kugerwaho. Ibi bifasha inganda ninganda gusubiza neza impinduka zikenewe ku isoko, kuzamura umusaruro n’ubuziranenge, no kugabanya ibiciro n’ingaruka.
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Umutekano wa OT ni iki?
Umutekano wa OT usobanurwa nkibikorwa nikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa:
(a) Kurinda abantu, umutungo, namakuru,
(b) Gukurikirana no / cyangwa kugenzura ibikoresho bifatika, inzira nibyabaye, na
(c) Gutangiza impinduka za leta kuri sisitemu ya OT.
Ibisubizo byumutekano bya OT birimo uburyo butandukanye bwikoranabuhanga ryumutekano kuva ibisekuruza bizaza (NGFWs) kugeza kumakuru yumutekano no gucunga ibyabaye (SIEM) kugeza kubiranga no gucunga, nibindi byinshi.
Ubusanzwe, umutekano wa cyber OT ntabwo wari nkenerwa kuko sisitemu ya OT ntabwo yari ihujwe na enterineti. Nkuko bimeze, ntabwo bahuye n’iterabwoba ryo hanze. Mugihe ibikorwa byo guhanga udushya (DI) byagutse kandi imiyoboro ya IT OT igahuzwa, amashyirahamwe yakunze gukemura ibibazo byihariye kugirango akemure ibibazo byihariye.
Ubu buryo bwumutekano wa OT bwavuyemo urusobe rugoye aho ibisubizo bidashobora gusangira amakuru no gutanga ibisobanuro byuzuye.
Akenshi, imiyoboro ya IT na OT ibikwa itandukanye iganisha ku kwigana ingufu z'umutekano no kwirinda gukorera mu mucyo. Iyi miyoboro ya IT OT ntishobora gukurikirana ibibera hejuru yigitero.
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Mubisanzwe, imiyoboro ya OT itanga raporo kuri COO na IT imiyoboro ya raporo kuri CIO, bikavamo amakipe abiri yumutekano kumurongo buri kurinda kimwe cya kabiri cyurusobe. Ibi birashobora kugorana kumenya imipaka yubuso bwibitero kuko aya makipe atandukanye ntabwo azi icyerekeranye numuyoboro wabo. Usibye kuba bigoye gucunga neza, imiyoboro ya OT IT isiga icyuho kinini mumutekano.
Nkuko bisobanura uburyo bwumutekano wa OT, ni ukumenya iterabwoba hakiri kare ukoresheje ubumenyi bwuzuye bwimikorere ya IT na OT.
IT (Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho) na OT (Ikoranabuhanga rikora)
Ibisobanuro
IT (Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho): Yerekeza ku gukoresha mudasobwa, imiyoboro, na software mu gucunga amakuru n'amakuru mu bucuruzi no mu mikorere. Harimo ibintu byose kuva ibyuma (seriveri, routers) kugeza software (porogaramu, data base) ishyigikira ibikorwa byubucuruzi, itumanaho, no gucunga amakuru.
OT (Ikoranabuhanga rikora): Harimo ibyuma na software byerekana cyangwa bitera impinduka binyuze mugukurikirana no kugenzura ibikoresho bifatika, inzira, nibyabaye mumuryango. OT ikunze kuboneka mu nganda, nko gukora, ingufu, no gutwara abantu, kandi ikubiyemo sisitemu nka SCADA (Igenzura no kugenzura amakuru) hamwe na PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers).
Itandukaniro ryingenzi
| Icyerekezo | IT | OT |
| Intego | Gucunga amakuru no kuyatunganya | Kugenzura inzira zifatika |
| Wibande | Sisitemu yamakuru numutekano wamakuru | Gukoresha no kugenzura ibikoresho |
| Ibidukikije | Ibiro, ibigo byamakuru | Inganda, imiterere yinganda |
| Ubwoko bwamakuru | Amakuru yimibare, inyandiko | Amakuru nyayo kuva kuri sensor na mashini |
| Umutekano | Umutekano wa interineti no kurinda amakuru | Umutekano no kwizerwa bya sisitemu ifatika |
| Porotokole | HTTP, FTP, TCP / IP | Modbus, OPC, DNP3 |
Kwishyira hamwe
Hamwe no kuzamuka kwinganda 4.0 hamwe na interineti yibintu (IoT), guhuza IT na OT bigenda biba ngombwa. Uku kwishyira hamwe kugamije kuzamura imikorere, kunoza isesengura ryamakuru, no gufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza. Ariko, iratangiza kandi ibibazo bijyanye numutekano wa cyber, kuko sisitemu ya OT yari isanzwe itandukanijwe numuyoboro wa IT.
Ingingo bifitanye isano:Internet yawe yibintu ikeneye umuyoboro wa paki umuyoboro wumutekano
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-05-2024
