1. Igitekerezo cyo Gupfuka Amakuru
Gupfuka amakuru bizwi kandi nka gupfuka amakuru. Ni uburyo bwa tekiniki bwo guhindura, guhindura cyangwa gupfuka amakuru y’ibanga nka nimero ya telefoni igendanwa, nimero ya karita ya banki n'andi makuru iyo twatanze amategeko na politiki byo gupfuka amakuru. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukumira ko amakuru y’ibanga adakoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye ahantu hatazwi.
Ihame ryo gupfuka amakuru: Gupfuka amakuru bigomba kugumana imiterere y’amakuru y’umwimerere, amategeko y’ubucuruzi, n’akamaro k’amakuru kugira ngo habeho ko iterambere, igeragezwa, n’isesengura ry’amakuru ritazahinduka bitewe no gupfuka amakuru. Kugenzura ko amakuru ahuye kandi ko afite agaciro mbere na nyuma yo gupfuka amakuru.
2. Gushyira mu byiciro Gupfuka amakuru
Gupfuka amakuru bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: gupfuka amakuru adahinduka (SDM) na gupfuka amakuru adahinduka (DDM).
Gupfuka amakuru adahinduka (SDM): Gupfuka amakuru adahinduka bisaba gushyiraho ububiko bushya bw'amakuru atari ay'inganda kugira ngo butanduzwa n'ibidukikije by'umusaruro. Amakuru y'ingenzi akururwa muri ububiko bw'amakuru hanyuma akabikwa muri ububiko bw'amakuru atari ay'inganda. Muri ubu buryo, amakuru adasobanutse atandukanywa n'ibidukikije by'umusaruro, bihura n'ibyo ubucuruzi bukeneye kandi bikizeza umutekano w'amakuru y'umusaruro.
Gupfuka amakuru ahinduka (DDM): Muri rusange ikoreshwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo ihagarike amakuru y’ibanga mu gihe nyacyo. Hari igihe, hasabwa urwego rutandukanye rwo gupfuka kugira ngo hasomwe amakuru y’ibanga amwe mu bihe bitandukanye. Urugero, inshingano zitandukanye n’uburenganzira bitandukanye bishobora gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zitandukanye zo gupfuka.
Gutanga raporo y'amakuru n'uburyo bwo gupfuka amakuru
Muri ubwo buryo harimo cyane cyane ibicuruzwa byo kugenzura amakuru imbere mu kigo cyangwa icyapa, ibicuruzwa byo hanze by'amakuru, na raporo zishingiye ku isesengura ry'amakuru, nka raporo z'ubucuruzi n'isuzuma ry'imishinga.
3. Igisubizo cyo Gupfuka Amakuru
Gahunda zisanzwe zo gupfuka amakuru zirimo: guhindura amakuru, agaciro gasanzwe, gusimbuza amakuru, gusimbuza amakuru mu buryo bungana, agaciro mpuzandengo, gutandukanya no guzunguruka, nibindi.
Guteshwa agaciro: Gutesha agaciro bivuga uburyo bwo gufunga amakuru y’ingenzi, kuyagabanya, cyangwa kuyahisha. Ubusanzwe iyi gahunda isimbuza amakuru nyayo n’ibimenyetso byihariye (nka *). Igikorwa cyoroshye, ariko abakoresha ntibashobora kumenya imiterere y’amakuru y’umwimerere, ibi bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikoreshereze y’amakuru ikurikiraho.
Agaciro gatunguranye: Agaciro katazwi (random value) kavuga gusimbuza amakuru y’ingenzi mu buryo butunguranye (imibare isimbuza imibare, inyuguti zisimbuza inyuguti, naho inyuguti zisimbuza inyuguti). Ubu buryo bwo gupfuka buzatuma amakuru y’ingenzi agaragara neza ku rugero runaka kandi bukorohereze ikoreshwa ry’amakuru nyuma yaho. Inkoranyamagambo zo gupfuka zishobora gukenerwa ku magambo amwe n’amwe afite icyo avuze, nk’amazina y’abantu n’ahantu.
Gusimbuza amakuru: Gusimbuza amakuru bisa no gupfuka agaciro k'ibidafite agaciro n'akadasobanutse, uretse ko aho gukoresha inyuguti zihariye cyangwa agaciro kadasobanutse, amakuru yo gupfuka asimburwa n'agaciro runaka.
Uburyo bwo Guhisha mu buryo bungana: Uburyo bwo gupfuka amakuru bukoresha uburyo bwa Symmetric ni uburyo bwihariye bwo gupfuka amakuru. Bupfuka amakuru y’ibanga binyuze mu buryo bwo gupfuka amakuru na algorithms. Imiterere ya ciphertext ihuye n’amakuru y’umwimerere mu mategeko y’ishingiro.
Impuzandengo: Gahunda mpuzandengo ikunze gukoreshwa mu mibare. Ku makuru y'imibare, tubanza kubara impuzandengo yabo, hanyuma tugakwirakwiza mu buryo butunguranye agaciro kadafite ishingiro ku mpuzandengo, bityo tugatuma igiteranyo cy'amakuru kigumana uko cyakabaye.
Guhuza no Kuzunguruka: Ubu buryo buhindura amakuru ya digitale hakoreshejwe uburyo butunguranye. Guhuza amakuru kuri offset byemeza ko urwego rw'amakuru ari ukuri mu gihe bibungabunga umutekano w'amakuru, ari hafi y'amakuru nyayo kurusha gahunda zabanje, kandi bifite akamaro kanini mu isesengura ry'amakuru menshi.
Icyitegererezo "ML-NPB-5660"Ku bijyanye no gupfuka amakuru
4. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa bwo gupfuka amakuru
(1). Ubuhanga bwo gukoresha ibarurishamibare
Gutoranya amakuru no kuyakusanya
- Gutoranya amakuru: Gusesengura no gusuzuma amakuru y’umwimerere hifashishijwe guhitamo itsinda ry’amakuru rihagarariye iri tsinda ni uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo kunoza imikorere y’uburyo bwo gutandukanya amakuru.
- Gukusanya amakuru: Nk'ikusanyirizo ry'amakuru ajyanye n'ibarurishamibare (nk'ikusanyirizo, kubara, impuzandengo, ntarengwa na ntarengwa) rikoreshwa ku biranga amakuru ari muri mikoro, umusaruro ugaragaza inyandiko zose ziri mu makuru y'umwimerere.
(2). Gushushanya ku buryo bworoshye (Cryptography)
Gukoresha Cryptography ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gutiza cyangwa kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha desensitization. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa algorithms zo gukingira amakuru bushobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye zo gutiza amakuru.
- Guhindura imiterere y'amakuru: Guhindura imiterere y'amakuru atari ay'ibanga. Ubusanzwe itunganya amakuru y'amakuru kandi ishobora gukuraho amakuru y'ibanga no gusubiza inyandiko y'ibanga ku makuru y'umwimerere iyo bibaye ngombwa, ariko urufunguzo rugomba kurindwa neza.
- Uburyo bwo gusiba amakuru budasubirwaho: Uburyo bwo gusiba amakuru bukoreshwa mu gutunganya amakuru, ubusanzwe bukoreshwa ku makuru y’indangamuntu. Ntabwo bushobora gusiba amakuru mu buryo butaziguye kandi isano iri hagati y’amakarita igomba kubikwa. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n’imiterere y’uburyo bwo gusiba amakuru, hashobora kubaho guhurirana kw’amakuru.
- Uburyo bwo gusesengura bwa Homomorphic: Hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gusesengura bwa homomorphic bwa ciphertext. Ikiranga ni uko umusaruro w'imikorere ya ciphertext ari umwe n'uwo gukoresha inyandiko isanzwe nyuma yo gusesengura. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya imirima y'imibare, ariko ntikoreshwa cyane kubera impamvu z'imikorere.
(3). Ikoranabuhanga rya Sisitemu
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukumira rikuraho cyangwa rikingira amakuru atujuje uburinzi bw'ubuzima bwite, ariko ntiriyashyire ahagaragara.
- Gupfuka: bivuga uburyo busanzwe bwo gupfuka agaciro k'ibintu, nk'umubare w'uwo muhanganye, ikarita y'indangamuntu yashyizweho ikimenyetso cy'inyenyeri, cyangwa aderesi igacibwa.
- Gukuraho aho ibintu biherereye: bivuga inzira yo gusiba agaciro k'ibintu runaka (inkingi), gukuraho amashami y'amakuru atari ngombwa;
- Gukuraho inyandiko: bivuga inzira yo gusiba inyandiko runaka (imirongo), gusiba inyandiko z'amakuru atari ngombwa.
(4). Ikoranabuhanga ry'amazina y'impimbano
Ubuhanga bwo gutandukanya amazina y’abantu ni uburyo bwo gukuraho indangamuntu bukoresha izina ry’irihimbano kugira ngo busimbure indangamuntu itaziguye (cyangwa ikindi kirangamuntu cy’ibanga). Ubuhanga bwo gutandukanya amazina y’abantu bukora indangamuntu zihariye kuri buri muntu ku giti cye, aho gukora indangamuntu zitaziguye cyangwa z’ibanga.
- Ishobora gukora agaciro kadasanzwe ku buryo bwihariye kugira ngo gahuze n'indangamuntu y'umwimerere, ikabika imbonerahamwe y'amakarita, kandi ikagenzura neza uburyo bwo kugera kuri imbonerahamwe y'amakarita.
- Ushobora kandi gukoresha uburyo bwo gushakisha amakuru kugira ngo ukore amazina y'abahimbano, ariko ugomba kubika neza urufunguzo rwo gushakisha amakuru;
Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane mu gihe cy’umubare munini w’abakoresha amakuru bigenga, nka OpenID mu buryo bwa platform ifunguye, aho abakora porogaramu zitandukanye babona Openids zitandukanye ku mukoresha umwe.
(5). Ubuhanga bwo Gukoresha Uburyo Rusange
Uburyo bwo gukusanya amakuru busobanura uburyo bwo kudasobanura amakuru bugabanya ubunini bw'ibintu byatoranijwe mu makuru kandi bugatanga ibisobanuro rusange kandi birambuye ku makuru. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukusanya amakuru riroroshye gushyira mu bikorwa kandi rishobora kurinda ukuri kw'amakuru yo ku rwego rw'inyandiko. Rikunze gukoreshwa mu bicuruzwa by'amakuru cyangwa raporo z'amakuru.
- Gusoza: bikubiyemo guhitamo ishingiro ryo gusoza ku buryo ibintu byatoranijwe biba byakozwe, nko gupima hejuru cyangwa hasi, bigatanga ibisubizo 100, 500, 1K, na 10K
- Uburyo bwo kwandika inyandiko hejuru n'inyuma: Simbuza agaciro kari hejuru (cyangwa munsi) y'umupaka n'umupaka uhagarariye urwego rwo hejuru (cyangwa hasi), bitanga umusaruro wa "hejuru ya X" cyangwa "munsi ya X"
(6). Ubuhanga bwo gukoresha uburyo butunguranye
Nk'ubwoko bwa tekiniki yo gukuraho inyito, ikoranabuhanga rya randomization risobanura guhindura agaciro k'ikintu binyuze mu buryo butandukira, ku buryo agaciro nyuma yo guhindagurika gatandukanye n'agaciro nyakuri k'umwimerere. Iyi nzira igabanya ubushobozi bw'uwateye ikibazo bwo kubona agaciro k'ikintu mu yandi gaciro k'ikintu mu nyandiko imwe y'amakuru, ariko igira ingaruka ku kuri kw'amakuru yavuyemo, nk'uko bisanzwe ku makuru akoreshwa mu igerageza ry'umusaruro.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 27 Nzeri 2022
