1. Igitekerezo cyo guhisha amakuru
Guhisha amakuru bizwi kandi nko kubika amakuru. Nuburyo bwa tekiniki bwo guhindura, guhindura cyangwa gutwikira amakuru yoroheje nka nimero ya terefone igendanwa, nimero yikarita ya banki nandi makuru mugihe twatanze amategeko na maskike. Ubu buhanga bukoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda amakuru yoroheje adakoreshwa muburyo butaziguye.
Ihame rya Masking Data: Guhisha amakuru bigomba gukomeza umwirondoro wambere wamakuru, amategeko yubucuruzi, hamwe namakuru ajyanye namakuru kugirango harebwe niba iterambere ryakurikiyeho, ibizamini, hamwe nisesengura ryamakuru bitazagira ingaruka kubitwikiriye. Menya neza ko amakuru ahamye kandi afite agaciro mbere na nyuma yo guhisha.
2. Ibyiciro byo kubika amakuru
Guhisha amakuru birashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwo kubika amakuru (SDM) hamwe no kubika amakuru (DDM).
Guhisha amakuru ahamye (SDM): Guhisha amakuru ahamye bisaba ko hashyirwaho ububiko bushya bwibidukikije bidatanga umusaruro kugirango bitandukane n’ibidukikije. Ibyiyumvo byimbitse bikurwa mububiko bwibikorwa hanyuma bikabikwa mububiko butari umusaruro. Muri ubu buryo, amakuru yatanzwe yitaruye ibidukikije, byujuje ibyifuzo byubucuruzi kandi bikarinda umutekano wamakuru yatanzwe.
Dynamic Data masking (DDM): Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubidukikije kugirango habeho amakuru yihariye mugihe nyacyo. Rimwe na rimwe, urwego rutandukanye rwa masking rusabwa gusoma amakuru amwe yihariye mubihe bitandukanye. Kurugero, inshingano zitandukanye nimpushya zishobora gushyira mubikorwa gahunda zitandukanye zo guhisha.
Raporo yamakuru hamwe nibicuruzwa byapanze porogaramu
Ibihe nkibi bikubiyemo cyane cyane ibicuruzwa bikurikirana amakuru yimbere cyangwa icyapa cyamamaza, ibicuruzwa biva muri serivisi zo hanze, na raporo zishingiye ku isesengura ryamakuru, nka raporo zubucuruzi no gusuzuma imishinga.
3. Igisubizo cya Masking Igisubizo
Gahunda zisanzwe zo guhisha amakuru zirimo: gutesha agaciro, agaciro katunguranye, gusimbuza amakuru, guhuza ibanga, kugereranya agaciro, guhagarika no kuzenguruka, nibindi.
Gutesha agaciro: Kutemerwa bivuga gushishoza, guhagarika, cyangwa guhisha amakuru yihariye. Iyi gahunda isanzwe isimbuza amakuru nyayo nibimenyetso byihariye (nka *). Igikorwa kiroroshye, ariko abayikoresha ntibashobora kumenya imiterere yamakuru yumwimerere, bishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere ikurikira.
Agaciro gasanzwe: Agaciro kadasanzwe kerekana gusimbuza amakuru yimikorere (imibare isimbuza imibare, inyuguti zisimbuza inyuguti, ninyuguti zisimbuza inyuguti). Ubu buryo bwo guhisha buzemeza imiterere yamakuru yunvikana kurwego runaka kandi byoroshe gukoreshwa nyuma. Masking inkoranyamagambo zirashobora gukenerwa kumagambo amwe afite akamaro, nkamazina yabantu n ahantu.
Gusimbuza amakuru: Gusimbuza amakuru bisa na mask ya null nindangagaciro zidasanzwe, usibye ko aho gukoresha inyuguti zidasanzwe cyangwa indangagaciro zidasanzwe, amakuru ya mask asimbuzwa agaciro kihariye.
Encryption: Symmetric encryption nuburyo budasanzwe bwo guhinduranya mask. Irabika amakuru yoroheje binyuze mu ibanga rya algorithms. Imiterere ya ciphertext ijyanye namakuru yumwimerere mumategeko yumvikana.
Impuzandengo: Impuzandengo ya gahunda ikoreshwa kenshi mubarurishamibare. Kumibare yimibare, tubanza kubara ibisobanuro byayo, hanyuma tugabanye gukwirakwiza indangagaciro zemewe hagati yikigereranyo, bityo tugumane igiteranyo cyamakuru gihoraho.
Kureka no Kuzunguruka: Ubu buryo buhindura imibare ya sisitemu ukoresheje guhinduranya. Kuzenguruka kwa offset byemeza ukuri kugereranya urwego mugihe ukomeza umutekano wamakuru, wegereye amakuru nyayo kuruta gahunda zabanjirije iyi, kandi ufite akamaro gakomeye muburyo bwo gusesengura amakuru manini.
Tanga icyitegererezo "ML-NPB-5660"kuri Masking ya Data
4. Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhisha amakuru
(1). Ubuhanga bwibarurishamibare
Guhitamo amakuru no gukusanya amakuru
- Guhitamo amakuru: Isesengura nisuzuma ryamakuru yumwimerere yashyizweho muguhitamo igice gihagarariwe cyamakuru yashizweho nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kunoza imikorere yubuhanga bwo kutamenyekanisha.
- Gukusanya amakuru: Nkikusanyirizo ryubuhanga bwibarurishamibare (nkincamake, kubara, impuzandengo, ntarengwa na ntoya) ryakoreshejwe kubiranga muri microdata, ibisubizo bihagarariye inyandiko zose mumibare yambere yashizweho.
(2). Cryptography
Cryptography nuburyo busanzwe bwo gutesha agaciro cyangwa kuzamura imikorere ya desensitisation. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa encryption algorithms irashobora kugera ku ngaruka zitandukanye.
- Deterministic encryption: Igikoresho kidasanzwe. Mubisanzwe itunganya amakuru yindangamuntu kandi irashobora gushishoza no kugarura ciphertext kumuranga wambere mugihe bibaye ngombwa, ariko urufunguzo rugomba kurindwa neza.
- Igenzura ridasubirwaho: Imikorere ya hash ikoreshwa mugutunganya amakuru, ubusanzwe ikoreshwa kubiranga ID. Ntishobora guhishurwa mu buryo butaziguye kandi ikarita yo gushushanya igomba gukizwa. Mubyongeyeho, bitewe nibiranga imikorere ya hash, amakuru ashobora kugongana.
- Encryption ya Homomorphic: Ciphertext homomorphic algorithm ikoreshwa. Ikiranga nuko ibisubizo byibikorwa bya ciphertext bisa nkibikorwa bya tekinike nyuma yo gufungura. Kubwibyo, isanzwe ikoreshwa mugutunganya imibare, ariko ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane kubwimpamvu.
(3). Ikoranabuhanga rya sisitemu
Tekinoroji yo guhagarika isiba cyangwa ikingira ibintu byamakuru bitujuje kurinda ubuzima bwite, ariko ntibitangaze.
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- Guhagarika byaho: bivuga inzira yo gusiba indangagaciro yihariye (inkingi), kuvanaho amakuru atari ngombwa;
- Guhagarika inyandiko: bivuga inzira yo gusiba inyandiko zihariye (umurongo), gusiba inyandiko zidakenewe.
(4). Ikoranabuhanga ry'irihimbano
Pseudomanning nubuhanga bwo-kumenyekanisha bukoresha izina ry'irihimbano kugirango busimbuze indangamuntu itaziguye (cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso kiranga). Ubuhanga bw'irihimbano bukora ibiranga byihariye kuri buri kintu cyamakuru yihariye, aho kubimenyekanisha bitaziguye cyangwa byoroshye.
- Irashobora kubyara indangagaciro zigenga kugirango zihure nindangamuntu yumwimerere, uzigame ikarita yerekana ikarita, kandi ugenzure byimazeyo uburyo bwo gushushanya ikarita.
- Urashobora kandi gukoresha encryption kugirango ubyare amazina y'irihimbano, ariko ukeneye gukomeza urufunguzo rwibanga neza;
Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane mugihe cyumubare munini wabakoresha amakuru yigenga, nka OpenID muburyo bwuguruye, aho abaterankunga batandukanye babona Openids zitandukanye kumukoresha umwe.
(5). Ubuhanga rusange
Tekinike rusange yerekana tekinike yo-kumenyekanisha igabanya ubunini bwimiterere yatoranijwe mumibare yamakuru kandi igatanga ibisobanuro rusange kandi bidasobanutse byamakuru. Ikoranabuhanga rusange ryoroshe kubishyira mubikorwa kandi birashobora kurinda ukuri kwamakuru-urwego rwamakuru. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa byamakuru cyangwa raporo zamakuru.
- Kuzenguruka: bikubiyemo guhitamo uruziga rw'ibintu byatoranijwe, nka forensike yo hejuru cyangwa hepfo, gutanga ibisubizo 100, 500, 1K, na 10K
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(6). Uburyo bwo Kwimenyekanisha
Nubwoko bwa de-identique tekinike, tekinoroji ya randomisation bivuga guhindura agaciro ka kiranga binyuze muri randomisation, kuburyo agaciro nyuma yo gutoranya gutandukana nagaciro kambere. Iyi nzira igabanya ubushobozi bwigitero cyo kuvana ikiranga agaciro kubindi biranga indangagaciro mubisobanuro bimwe byamakuru, ariko bigira ingaruka kumyizerere yamakuru yavuyemo, asanzwe hamwe namakuru yikizamini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-27-2022
