Muri iki gihe cya digitale, umutekano wurusobe wabaye ikibazo cyingenzi ibigo nabantu bagomba guhura nabyo. Hamwe n’ihindagurika ry’ibitero by’urusobe, ingamba z'umutekano gakondo zabaye zidahagije. Ni muri urwo rwego, Sisitemu yo Kwinjira (IDS) hamwe na Sisitemu yo gukumira (IPS) igaragara nk'uko The Times ibisaba, kandi ikaba abarinzi babiri bakomeye mu rwego rw'umutekano w'urusobe. Bashobora gusa nkaho basa, ariko baratandukanye cyane mumikorere no mubikorwa. Iyi ngingo ifata intera ndende itandukaniro riri hagati ya IDS na IPS, ikanagaragaza abo barinzi bombi bashinzwe umutekano.
IDS: Umuskuti wumutekano wurusobe
1. Amahame shingiro ya IDS Sisitemu yo Kwinjira (IDS)ni igikoresho cyumutekano wurusobe cyangwa porogaramu igamije gukurikirana urujya n'uruza no kumenya ibikorwa bibi cyangwa amakosa. Mugusesengura paki zurusobe, dosiye zinjira nandi makuru, IDS igaragaza traffic idasanzwe kandi ikaburira abayobozi gufata ingamba zihuye nazo. Tekereza IDS nkumuskuti witonze ureba buri rugendo murusobe. Iyo hari imyitwarire iteye inkeke murusobe, IDS izaba inshuro yambere yo kumenya no gutanga umuburo, ariko ntabwo izafata ingamba zifatika. Akazi kayo ni "gushaka ibibazo," ntabwo "kubikemura."
2. Uburyo IDS ikora Uburyo IDS ikora ahanini ishingiye kubuhanga bukurikira:
Kumenya umukono:IDS ifite base base nini yimikono irimo imikono yibitero bizwi. IDS itanga integuza iyo traffic traffic ihuye n'umukono muri base de base. Ibi ni nkabapolisi bakoresha ububiko bwintoki kugirango bamenye abakekwa, bakora neza ariko bashingiye kumakuru azwi.
Kumenya Anomaly:IDS yiga imyitwarire isanzwe y'urusobe, kandi iyo ibonye traffic itandukana nuburyo busanzwe, ifata nkibishobora kubangamira. Kurugero, niba mudasobwa yumukozi yohereje gitunguranye amakuru menshi nijoro, IDS irashobora kwerekana imyitwarire idasanzwe. Ibi ni nkumuzamu ufite uburambe umenyereye ibikorwa bya buri munsi byabaturanyi kandi azaba maso nibimara kugaragara.
Isesengura rya Porotokole:IDS izakora isesengura ryimbitse rya protocole y'urusobe kugirango hamenyekane niba hari amakosa cyangwa imikoreshereze idasanzwe ya protocole. Kurugero, niba imiterere ya protocole yipaki runaka idahuye nibisanzwe, IDS irashobora kubifata nkigitero gishobora kuba.
3. Ibyiza n'ibibi
Ibyiza by'indangamuntu:
Gukurikirana igihe nyacyo:IDS irashobora gukurikirana traffic traffic mugihe nyacyo kugirango ibone umutekano uhungabana mugihe. Nka sentare idasinziriye, burigihe urinde umutekano wurusobe.
Guhinduka:IDS irashobora koherezwa ahantu hatandukanye k'urusobe, nk'imipaka, imiyoboro y'imbere, n'ibindi, bitanga urwego rwinshi rwo kurinda. Yaba ari igitero cyo hanze cyangwa iterabwoba ryimbere, IDS irashobora kubimenya.
Kwinjira mu birori:IDS irashobora kwandika amakuru arambuye yibikorwa byurusobekerane rwo gusesengura nyuma yurupfu na forensike. Ninkumwanditsi wizerwa ubika inyandiko yibintu byose murusobe.
Indangamuntu IDS:
Igipimo kinini cyibintu byiza:Kubera ko IDS ishingiye kumasinya no gutahura anomaly, birashoboka guca imanza zisanzwe nkigikorwa kibi, biganisha kubintu byiza. Nkumuzamu urenze urugero ushobora kwibeshya umuntu wabyaye kubajura.
Ntibishobora kwirwanaho:IDS irashobora kumenya gusa no kuzamura imenyesha, ariko ntishobora guhagarika ibikorwa byimodoka mbi. Kwifashisha intoki kubayobozi nabyo birasabwa iyo ikibazo kibonetse, gishobora kuganisha kumwanya muremure.
Imikoreshereze yumutungo:IDS ikeneye gusesengura umubare munini wurugendo rwurusobe, rushobora gutwara ibintu byinshi bya sisitemu, cyane cyane mubidukikije byinshi.
IPS: "Defender" wumutekano wurusobe
1. Igitekerezo cyibanze cya sisitemu yo gukumira IPS (IPS)ni igikoresho cyumutekano wurusobe cyangwa porogaramu ya software yatunganijwe hashingiwe ku IDS. Ntishobora kumenya ibikorwa bibi gusa, ahubwo irashobora no kubarinda mugihe nyacyo no kurinda umuyoboro ibitero. Niba IDS ari umuskuti, IPS numuzamu w'intwari. Ntishobora kumenya umwanzi gusa, ahubwo irashobora no gufata iyambere muguhagarika igitero cyumwanzi. Intego ya IPS ni "gushaka ibibazo no kubikemura" kurinda umutekano wurusobe binyuze mubikorwa byigihe.
2. Uburyo IPS ikora
Ukurikije imikorere yo kumenya IDS, IPS yongeyeho uburyo bukurikira bwo kwirwanaho:
Guhagarika ibinyabiziga:Iyo IPS itahura traffic traffic, irashobora guhita ihagarika iyi traffic kugirango irinde kwinjira murusobe. Kurugero, niba paki ibonetse igerageza gukoresha intege nke zizwi, IPS izayireka.
Kurangiza amasomo:IPS irashobora guhagarika isomo hagati yuwakiriye nabi kandi igahagarika umurongo wabatera. Kurugero, niba IPS ibonye ko igitero cya bruteforce gikorerwa kuri aderesi ya IP, bizahagarika itumanaho na IP.
Gushungura Ibirimo:IPS irashobora gukora ibiyungurura ibinyabiziga kumuyoboro kugirango uhagarike ihererekanyabubasha rya kode cyangwa amakuru. Kurugero, niba imeri ya imeri isanze irimo malware, IPS izahagarika ihererekanyabubasha rya imeri.
IPS ikora nk'umuryango, ntabwo ibona abantu bakekwa gusa, ahubwo inabahindura. Birihutira gusubiza kandi birashobora gukuraho iterabwoba mbere yuko bikwirakwira.
3. Ibyiza n'ibibi bya IPS
Ibyiza bya IPS:
Ubwunganizi bugaragara:IPS irashobora gukumira traffic traffic mugihe nyacyo kandi ikarinda neza umutekano wurusobe. Ninkumuzamu watojwe neza, ushoboye kwirukana abanzi mbere yuko begera.
Igisubizo cyikora:IPS irashobora guhita ikora politiki yo kwirwanaho yateganijwe, kugabanya umutwaro kubayobozi. Kurugero, mugihe hagaragaye igitero cya DDoS, IPS irashobora guhita igabanya urujya n'uruza.
Kurinda byimbitse:IPS irashobora gukorana na firewall, amarembo yumutekano nibindi bikoresho kugirango itange urwego rwimbitse rwo kurinda. Ntabwo irinda imbibi zurusobe gusa, ahubwo irinda umutungo wimbere.
Ibibi bya IPS:
Guhagarika ibinyoma:IPS irashobora guhagarika traffic isanzwe kubwikosa, bigira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe y'urusobe. Kurugero, niba traffic yemewe idashyizwe mubikorwa nkibibi, irashobora gutera serivise.
Ingaruka z'imikorere:IPS isaba isesengura-nyaryo nigihe cyo gutunganya traffic traffic, ishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere y'urusobe. Cyane cyane mubidukikije byinshi, birashobora gutuma umuntu atinda.
Ibikoresho bigoye:Iboneza no kubungabunga IPS biragoye kandi bisaba abakozi babigize umwuga gucunga. Niba idashyizweho neza, irashobora gutuma habaho ingaruka mbi zo kwirwanaho cyangwa kongera ikibazo cyo guhagarika ibinyoma.
Itandukaniro hagati ya IDS na IPS
Nubwo IDS na IPS bifite ijambo rimwe gusa itandukaniro ryizina, bifite itandukaniro ryingenzi mumikorere no mubikorwa. Dore itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya IDS na IPS:
1. Imyanya ikora
IDS: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukurikirana no gutahura ibihungabanya umutekano murusobe, ibyo kurinda pasiporo. Ikora nk'umuskuti, ivuza induru iyo ibonye umwanzi, ariko ntifate iyambere yo gutera.
IPS: Igikorwa cyo kwirwanaho gikora cyongewe kuri IDS, gishobora guhagarika traffic mbi mugihe nyacyo. Ninkumuzamu, ntabwo ishobora kumenya umwanzi gusa, ahubwo irashobora no kubarinda.
2. Uburyo bwo gusubiza
IDS: Imenyesha ritangwa nyuma yuko hagaragaye iterabwoba, bisaba ko umuyobozi yifashisha intoki. Ninkumusirikare ubona umwanzi no gutanga raporo kubayobozi be, bategereje amabwiriza.
IPS: Ingamba zo kwirwanaho zihita zikorwa nyuma yuko iterabwoba rigaragaye nta muntu ubigizemo uruhare. Ninkumuzamu ubona umwanzi akamugarura inyuma.
3. Ahantu hoherezwa
IDS: Mubisanzwe byoherezwa ahantu byambukiranya urusobe kandi ntabwo bigira ingaruka muburyo bwimodoka. Uruhare rwarwo nukwitegereza no kwandika, kandi ntibizabangamira itumanaho risanzwe.
IPS: Mubisanzwe byoherejwe kumurongo wa neti y'urusobe, ikora traffic traffic itaziguye. Irasaba isesengura-nyaryo no gutabarana kwimodoka, bityo irakora cyane.
4. Ingaruka zo gutabaza ibinyoma / guhagarika ibinyoma
IDS: Ibyiza ntabwo bigira ingaruka mubikorwa byurusobe, ariko birashobora gutuma abayobozi bahangana. Nka sentare ikabije, urashobora kumvikanisha kenshi gutabaza no kongera akazi kawe.
IPS: Guhagarika ibinyoma birashobora gutera guhagarika serivisi zisanzwe kandi bikagira ingaruka kumurongo. Ninkumuzamu ukaze cyane kandi ushobora kubabaza ingabo zinshuti.
5. Koresha imanza
IDS: Birakwiye kuri ssenariyo isaba isesengura ryimbitse no gukurikirana ibikorwa byurusobe, nko kugenzura umutekano, igisubizo cyibyabaye, nibindi. Urugero, uruganda rushobora gukoresha indangamuntu kugirango ikurikirane imyitwarire yabakozi kumurongo no kumenya amakosa yamakuru.
IPS: Birakwiriye kuri ssenariyo ikeneye kurinda umuyoboro ibitero mugihe nyacyo, nko kurinda imipaka, kurinda serivisi zikomeye, nibindi. Urugero, uruganda rushobora gukoresha IPS kugirango ibuze ibitero byo hanze kwinjira mumurongo wacyo.
Gushyira mu bikorwa indangamuntu na IPS
Kugirango twumve neza itandukaniro riri hagati ya IDS na IPS, turashobora kwerekana ibintu bikurikira bikurikira:
. Kurugero, niba mudasobwa yumukozi isanze igera kurubuga rubi, IDS izamura integuza kandi ibimenyeshe umuyobozi gukora iperereza.
Ku rundi ruhande, IPS, irashobora koherezwa kumupaka wurusobe kugirango ibuze ibitero byo hanze kwibasira imishinga. Kurugero, niba aderesi ya IP igaragaye ko yibasiwe na SQL, IPS izahagarika byimazeyo traffic traffic kugirango irinde umutekano wububiko bwimishinga.
2. Umutekano wa Data Centre Umutekano Mubigo byamakuru, IDS irashobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana urujya n'uruza hagati ya seriveri kugirango hamenyekane ko hari itumanaho ridasanzwe cyangwa malware. Kurugero, niba seriveri yohereje umubare munini wamakuru ateye amakenga kwisi, IDS izashyira ahagaragara imyitwarire idasanzwe kandi ibimenyeshe umuyobozi kubigenzura.
Ku rundi ruhande, IPS irashobora koherezwa ku bwinjiriro bw’ibigo kugira ngo ihagarike ibitero bya DDoS, inshinge za SQL n’izindi nzira mbi. Kurugero, niba tubonye ko igitero cya DDoS kigerageza kumanura ikigo cyamakuru, IPS izahita igabanya traffic ijyanye nayo kugirango imikorere isanzwe ya serivisi.
3. Umutekano wigicu Mubidukikije, IDS irashobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana imikoreshereze ya serivise igicu no kumenya niba hari uburenganzira butemewe cyangwa gukoresha nabi umutungo. Kurugero, niba umukoresha agerageza kubona ibicu bitemewe, IDS izamura integuza kandi ibimenyeshe umuyobozi gufata ingamba.
Ku rundi ruhande, IPS, irashobora koherezwa kuruhande rwurusobe rwibicu kugirango irinde serivisi zicu ibitero byo hanze. Kurugero, niba aderesi ya IP igaragaye kugirango itangire igitero gikomeye kuri serivise, IPS izahita ihagarika IP kugirango irinde umutekano wa serivise.
Gukorera hamwe IDS na IPS
Mubikorwa, IDS na IPS ntibibaho mu bwigunge, ariko birashobora gukorera hamwe kugirango birusheho kurinda umutekano urusobe. Urugero:
IDS nk'iyuzuza IPS:IDS irashobora gutanga isesengura ryimbitse ryumuhanda no kwandikisha ibyabaye kugirango bifashe IPS kumenya neza no guhagarika iterabwoba. Kurugero, IDS irashobora kumenya uburyo bwibitero byihishe binyuze mugukurikirana igihe kirekire, hanyuma igaburira aya makuru kuri IPS kugirango ihindure ingamba zo kwirwanaho.
IPS ikora nk'umuyobozi wa IDS:IDS imaze kumenya iterabwoba, irashobora gukurura IPS gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo kwirwanaho kugirango igere ku gisubizo cyikora. Kurugero, niba IDS ibonye ko aderesi ya IP irimo gusuzumwa nabi, irashobora kumenyesha IPS guhagarika traffic muri iyo IP.
Muguhuza IDS na IPS, ibigo nimiryango birashobora kubaka uburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda umutekano wurusobe kugirango barwanye neza iterabwoba ritandukanye. IDS ishinzwe gushakisha ikibazo, IPS ishinzwe gukemura ikibazo, byombi byuzuzanya, nta nubwo bitangwa.
Shakisha nezaUmuyoboro wumuyoborogukorana nindangamuntu yawe (Sisitemu yo Kwinjira)
Shakisha nezaInline Bypass Kanda Hinduragukorana na IPS yawe (Sisitemu yo gukumira)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-23-2025
