Gukata 5G na Network
Iyo 5G ivugwa cyane, Network Slicing ni ikoranabuhanga rivugwaho cyane muri bo. Abakora porogaramu za interineti nka KT, SK Telecom, China Mobile, DT, KDDI, NTT, n'abacuruza ibikoresho nka Ericsson, Nokia, na Huawei bose bemera ko Network Slicing ari yo miterere myiza y'ikoranabuhanga mu gihe cya 5G.
Iri koranabuhanga rishya ryemerera abakoresha gutandukanya imiyoboro myinshi ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa interineti mu bikorwa remezo bya mudasobwa, kandi buri Network Slice itandukanyijwe n'igikoresho, umuyoboro wo kwinjiramo, umuyoboro w'ubwikorezi n'umuyoboro w'ibanze kugira ngo ihuze n'imiterere itandukanye ya serivisi zitandukanye.
Kuri buri Network Slice, ibikoresho byihariye nka seriveri za virtual, bandwidth ya network, n'ireme rya serivisi birahari byuzuye. Kubera ko ibice bitandukanye, amakosa cyangwa gutsindwa mu gice kimwe ntibizagira ingaruka ku itumanaho ry'ibindi bice.
Kuki 5G ikeneye gukata umurongo wa interineti?
Kuva kera kugeza kuri interineti ya 4G iriho ubu, imbuga zigendanwa zikoresha cyane cyane telefoni zigendanwa, kandi muri rusange zikora gusa uburyo bwo kunoza terefone zigendanwa. Ariko, mu gihe cya 5G, imbuga zigendanwa zigomba gukoresha ibikoresho by’ubwoko butandukanye n’ibisabwa. Ibyinshi mu bintu bivugwa birimo interineti igendanwa, iot nini, na iot y’ingenzi. Byose bikenera ubwoko butandukanye bw’imbuga kandi bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye mu bijyanye no gutwara abantu, ibaruramari, umutekano, kugenzura politiki, gutinda, kwizerwa n’ibindi.
Urugero, serivisi nini ya iot ihuza sensors zihoraho kugira ngo zipime ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, imvura, nibindi. Nta mpamvu yo guhererekanya, kuvugurura aho ibintu biherereye, nibindi biranga telefoni zikoreshwa muri telefoni zigendanwa. Byongeye kandi, serivisi za iot zikenewe cyane nko gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwikora no kugenzura robots zikoresha interineti zisaba gutinda kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera z'amasegonda menshi, bitandukanye cyane na serivisi za internet zigendanwa.
Imiterere y'ingenzi ya 5G
Ese ibi bivuze ko dukeneye umuyoboro wihariye kuri buri serivisi? Urugero, imwe itanga telefoni zigendanwa za 5G, indi itanga ioti nini ya 5G, indi itanga ioti y'ingenzi ya 5G. Ntibikenewe, kuko dushobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gukata imiyoboro kugira ngo tugabanye imiyoboro myinshi y'ikoranabuhanga n'imiyoboro itandukanye, ubwo buryo bukaba ari uburyo buhendutse cyane!
Ibisabwa mu gusaba gukata umurongo ngenderwaho (Network Slicing)
Igice cya 5G cyasobanuwe mu nyandiko yera ya 5G yashyizwe ahagaragara na NGMN kigaragara hano hasi:
Ni gute twashyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gukata umurongo w’itumanaho kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera?
(1) Umuyoboro wa 5G ukoresha insinga n'umuyoboro w'ibanze: NFV
Muri network ya telefoni igendanwa y'iki gihe, igikoresho nyamukuru ni telefoni igendanwa. RAN (DU na RU) n'imikorere y'ibanze byubatswe mu bikoresho byihariye bya network bitangwa n'abacuruzi ba RAN. Kugira ngo dushyire mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gukata network, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) ni ngombwa. Muri make, igitekerezo nyamukuru cya NFV ni ugushyira porogaramu y'imikorere ya network (ni ukuvuga MME, S/P-GW na PCRF muri packet core na DU muri RAN) byose mu mashini zisanzwe kuri seriveri z'ubucuruzi aho kubitandukanya mu bikoresho byazo byihariye bya network. Muri ubu buryo, RAN ifatwa nk'igicu cy'inkombe, mu gihe imikorere y'inkombe ifatwa nk'igicu cy'inkombe. Ihuza hagati ya VMS iri ku nkombe no mu gicu cy'inkombe rishyirwaho hakoreshejwe SDN. Hanyuma, hakorwa agace kuri buri serivisi (ni ukuvuga agace ka terefone, agace ka iot kanini, agace k'iot ka mission critical, nibindi).
Ni gute washyira mu bikorwa imwe muri Network Slicing (I)?
Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza uburyo buri porogaramu yihariye ya serivisi ishobora gushyirwa kuri virtual no gushyirwa muri buri gice. Urugero, gukata bishobora gushyirwaho ku buryo bukurikira:
(1) Gukata UHD: gukoresha DU, 5G core (UP) na cache seriveri mu gicu cy'inkombe, no gukoresha 5G core (CP) na MVO seriveri mu gicu cy'inganzamarumbo.
(2) Gukata telefoni: gukoresha seriveri za 5G (UP na CP) na IMS mu buryo bwihuse kandi bunoze mu bicu by'ibanze.
(3) Gukata ioti mu buryo bunini (urugero, imiyoboro ya sensor): Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya 5G mu buryo bworoshye kandi bworoheje mu gicu cy'ibanze nta bushobozi bwo gucunga uburyo bwo kugenda bifite.
(4) Gukata ioti mu buryo bw'ingenzi: Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya 5G (UP) na seriveri zijyanye nayo (urugero, seriveri za V2X) mu gicu cyo ku mupaka kugira ngo bigabanye igihe cyo kohereza amakuru.
Kugeza ubu, twagombaga gukora uduce twabugenewe kuri serivisi zifite ibisabwa bitandukanye. Kandi imikorere ya network igaragara ishyirwa ahantu hatandukanye muri buri gice (ni ukuvuga, igicu cyo ku nkengero cyangwa igicu cy’ibanze) hakurikijwe imiterere ya serivisi itandukanye. Byongeye kandi, imikorere imwe n’imwe ya network, nko kwishyuza, kugenzura politiki, nibindi, ishobora kuba ikenewe muri bimwe, ariko ntibe ikenewe mu bindi. Abakoresha bashobora guhindura uburyo bwo gukata network uko bashaka, kandi birashoboka ko ari bwo buryo buhendutse cyane.
Ni gute washyira mu bikorwa imwe muri Network Slicing (I)?
(2) Gukata umurongo w'itumanaho hagati y'inkombe n'igicu cy'ibanze: IP / MPLS-SDN
Uburyo bwo guhuza porogaramu (software definition networking), nubwo bwari igitekerezo cyoroshye ubwo bwatangiraga gushyirwaho, burimo kugorana kurushaho. Dufashe urugero rwa Overlay, ikoranabuhanga rya SDN rishobora gutanga umuyoboro hagati y’imashini zikora kuri interineti ku bikorwa remezo bya interineti bihari.
Gukata umurongo w'itumanaho kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera
Ubwa mbere, turareba uburyo bwo kwemeza ko umuyoboro wa interineti hagati y’igicu cy’inkombe n’imashini zisanzwe zo mu gicu cy’inganzamarumbo (core cloud virtual machines) utekanye. Umuyoboro wa interineti hagati y’imashini zisanzwe ugomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa hashingiwe kuri IP/MPLS-SDN na Transport SDN. Muri iyi nyandiko, twibanda kuri IP/MPLS-SDN itangwa n’abacuruzi ba router. Ericsson na Juniper zombi zitanga ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bwa IP/MPLS SDN. Ibikorwa biratandukanye gato, ariko uburyo bwo guhuza VMS ishingiye kuri SDN burasa cyane.
Mu gicu cy’ibanze harimo seriveri za virtualized. Muri hypervisor ya seriveri, koresha vRouter/vSwitch yubatswemo. Umugenzuzi wa SDN atanga uburyo bwo gushyiraho tunnel hagati ya seriveri ya virtualized na router ya DC G/W (router ya PE ikora MPLS L3 VPN mu kigo cy’amakuru cya cloud). Kora tunnel za SDN (ni ukuvuga MPLS GRE cyangwa VXLAN) hagati ya buri mashini ikora virtual (urugero: 5G IoT core) na router za DC G/W mu gicu cy’ibanze.
Hanyuma umugenzuzi wa SDN agenzura igenamiterere ry’amakuru hagati y’izi tunnels na MPLS L3 VPN, nka IoT VPN. Uburyo ni bumwe mu gicu cy’inkombe, bukora agace ka iot gahujwe kuva ku gicu cy’inkombe kugeza ku mugongo wa IP / MPLS kugeza ku gicu cy’ibanze. Ubu buryo bushobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa hashingiwe ku ikoranabuhanga n’amahame agezweho kandi aboneka kugeza ubu.
(3) Gukata umurongo w'itumanaho hagati y'inkombe n'igicu cy'ibanze: IP / MPLS-SDN
Igisigaye ubu ni umuyoboro wa mobile fronthawall. Ni gute twagabanya uyu muyoboro wa mobile fronthold hagati y'igicu cy'inkombe na 5G RU? Mbere na mbere, umuyoboro wa 5G front-haul ugomba kubanza gusobanurwa. Hari amahitamo amwe n'amwe ari kuganirwaho (urugero, gushyiraho umuyoboro mushya ushingiye ku ipaki binyuze mu gusobanura imikorere ya DU na RU), ariko nta gisobanuro gisanzwe cyatanzwe kugeza ubu. Ishusho ikurikira ni imbonerahamwe igaragazwa mu itsinda ry'abakozi rya ITU IMT 2020 kandi itanga urugero rw'umuyoboro wa virtualized fronhaul.
Urugero rwa 5G C-RAN Network Slicing yakozwe n'Umuryango wa ITU
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2024
