Intangiriro
Urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru (Network Traffic) ni umubare wose w'amapaki anyura mu muyoboro w'amakuru mu gihe cy'igice, ari na cyo gipimo cy'ibanze cyo gupima imikorere y'umuyoboro n'uburyo utuma amakuru atangwa. Gukurikirana urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru (network traffic) ni ugufata amakuru yose y'amapaki n'imibare by'amakuru atangwa n'amakuru (internet transmission packs) mu muyoboro, naho gufata amakuru y'urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru (network traffic data packs) ni ugufata amakuru ya IP mu muyoboro w'amakuru (network IP data packs).
Uko urwego rw'umuyoboro wa Q center center rugenda rwaguka, sisitemu yo gukoresha porogaramu irushaho kuba nyinshi, imiterere y'umuyoboro irushaho kuba ingorabahizi, serivisi z'umuyoboro ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'umuyoboro zirushaho kuba nyinshi, ibibazo by'umutekano w'umuyoboro birushaho kwiyongera, imikorere no kubungabunga ibisabwa binoze bikomeje kunozwa, gukusanya no gusesengura urujya n'uruza rw'umuyoboro byabaye uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gusesengura ibikorwa remezo by'ikigo cy'amakuru. Binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ry'urujya n'uruza rw'umuyoboro, abayobozi b'imiyoboro bashobora kwihutisha aho amakosa aherereye, gusesengura amakuru ya porogaramu, kunoza imiterere y'umuyoboro, imikorere ya sisitemu no kugenzura umutekano mu buryo bwihuse, no kwihutisha aho amakosa aherereye. Gukusanya urujya n'uruza rw'umuyoboro ni ishingiro rya sisitemu yo gusesengura urujya n'uruza rw'umuyoboro. Umuyoboro wuzuye, ukwiye kandi ufatika wo gufata urujya n'uruza ni ingirakamaro mu kunoza imikorere yo gufata, gushungura no gusesengura urujya n'uruza rw'umuyoboro, guhaza ibyifuzo by'isesengura ry'uruza rw'umuyoboro mu mpande zitandukanye, kunoza ibipimo by'imikorere y'umuyoboro n'ubucuruzi, no kunoza ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha no kunyurwa.
Ni ingenzi cyane kwiga uburyo n'ibikoresho byo gufata urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe neza kandi akoreshe umuyoboro, akurikirane kandi asesengure neza umuyoboro.
Akamaro ko gukusanya/gufata amakuru ku rubuga
Ku bijyanye n'imikorere n'ibungabunga ry'amakuru, binyuze mu gushyiraho urubuga rumwe rwo gufata amakuru ku miyoboro, hamwe n'urubuga rwo gukurikirana no gusesengura bishobora kunoza cyane urwego rw'imicungire y'imikorere n'ibungabunga ndetse n'urwego rw'imicungire y'ibikorwa n'iyubahirizwa ry'imikorere y'ubucuruzi.
1. Gutanga Inkomoko y'amakuru yo gukurikirana no gusesengura: Uburyo ubucuruzi bukorana n'ibikorwa remezo by'umuyoboro buboneka binyuze mu gufata amakuru y'umuyoboro bishobora gutanga isoko y'amakuru akenewe yo kugenzura imiyoboro, kugenzura umutekano, amakuru menshi, isesengura ry'imyitwarire y'abakiriya, isesengura n'ivugurura ry'ibisabwa mu ngamba zo kugera ku ikoranabuhanga, ubwoko bwose bw'amakuru asesengura amashusho, ndetse n'isesengura ry'ibiciro, kwagura porogaramu no kwimura abantu.
2. Ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana amakosa yose: binyuze mu gufata amakuru y’urusobe rw’amakuru, ishobora gusesengura no gusuzuma amakosa y’amakuru y’amateka, igatanga inkunga y’amakuru y’amateka mu iterambere, amashami akoreshwa n’ubucuruzi, kandi igakemura burundu ikibazo cyo gufata ibimenyetso bigoye, ubushobozi buke ndetse no guhakana.
3. Kunoza Imikorere myiza yo Gukemura Amakosa. Binyuze mu gutanga isoko ry’amakuru rihuriweho ku miyoboro, gukurikirana porogaramu, kugenzura umutekano n’izindi mbuga, bishobora gukuraho ukudahuza no kudahuza amakuru yakusanyijwe n’izindi mbuga zo gukurikirana za mbere, kunoza imikorere myiza yo guhangana n’ibibazo by’ubwoko bwose, kubona vuba ikibazo, gusubukura ubucuruzi, no kunoza urwego rw’imikorere y’ubucuruzi.
Urutonde rw'ikusanyirizwa ry'abakoresha interineti (network trafic)
Gufata urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga rw'itumanaho bigamije ahanini gukurikirana no gusesengura imiterere n'impinduka z'urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru ku rubuga rwa mudasobwa kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga rwose. Dukurikije amasoko atandukanye y'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga, urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga rw'itumanaho rugabanyijemo urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga rw'itumanaho, urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga rw'itumanaho rwa IP, urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga rw'itumanaho rwa serivisi runaka n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga rw'itumanaho rwa serivisi z'abakoresha.
1. Urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru ku cyambu cya Network Node
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru ku mbuga za interineti bivuga imibare y'amakuru y'amapaki yinjira n'isohoka kuri interineti. Irimo umubare w'amapaki y'amakuru, umubare wa byte, ikwirakwizwa ry'ingano y'amapaki, igihombo cy'amapaki n'andi makuru y'ibarurishamibare atari ayo kwiga.
2. Uburyo bwo kuzenguruka IP kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera
Urujya n'uruza rwa IP kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera ruvuga urwego rw'umuyoboro kuva ku isoko kugera ku ntego! Imibare ya paki za P. Ugereranyije n'urujya n'uruza rw'umuyoboro wa node, urujya n'uruza rwa IP kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera rukubiyemo amakuru menshi. Binyuze mu isesengura ryayo, dushobora kumenya umuyoboro w'aho abakoresha umuyoboro bagera, ari na byo shingiro ry'ingenzi mu gusesengura umuyoboro, igenamigambi, igishushanyo no kunoza.
3. Urugendo rw'abantu ku rwego rwa serivisi
Urujya n'uruza rw'urwego rwa serivisi rukubiyemo amakuru yerekeye ibyambu by'urwego rwa kane (TCP day layer) hiyongereyeho urujya n'uruza rwa IP kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera. Birumvikana ko rukubiyemo amakuru yerekeye ubwoko bwa serivisi za porogaramu zishobora gukoreshwa mu gusesengura birambuye.
4. Urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru y'ubucuruzi bw'abakoresha
Urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru y'abakoresha ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gusesengura umutekano, imikorere n'ibindi bintu. Gufata amakuru y'abakoresha bisaba ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gufata amakuru no kubika disiki ikomeye cyane n'ubushobozi bwo kuyibika. Urugero, gufata amakuru yinjiye y'abajura bishobora guhagarika ibyaha bimwe na bimwe cyangwa kubona ibimenyetso by'ingenzi.
Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gukusanya/Gufata Urubuga rw'Imiyoboro
Dukurikije imiterere n'uburyo bwo gutunganya uburyo bwo gufata amakuru ku rubuga, gufata amakuru ku rundi ruhande bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bikurikira: gukusanya igice n'ikusanyirizo ryuzuye, gukusanya amakuru ku buryo bufatika n'ikusanyirizo ritabayeho, gukusanya amakuru ku buryo buhuriweho n'abantu benshi, gukusanya ibikoresho na porogaramu, n'ibindi. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikusanyirizo ry'amakuru ku rundi ruhande, uburyo bumwe bwiza kandi bufatika bwo gukusanya amakuru ku rundi ruhande bwakozwe hashingiwe ku bitekerezo byavuzwe haruguru byo gushyira mu byiciro.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukusanya urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga rigizwe ahanini n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana rishingiye ku ndorerwamo y'imodoka, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana rishingiye ku gufata paki mu buryo bwihuse, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana rishingiye kuri SNMP / RMON, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana rishingiye ku buryo bwo gusesengura urujya n'uruza rw'abantu ku rubuga nka NetiowsFlow. Muri byo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana rishingiye ku ndorerwamo y'imodoka rikubiyemo uburyo bwa TAP bwo kuri interineti n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza bushingiye ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
1. Hashingiwe ku igenzura ry'indorerwamo z'imodoka
Ihame ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho rishingiye ku ndorerwamo yuzuye ni ugukora kopi n'ifoto nta gutakaza by'urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho binyuze mu ndorerwamo y'ibikoresho bya interineti nka switch cyangwa ibindi bikoresho nka optical splitter na network probe. Gukurikirana urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho ryose bigomba gukoresha gahunda ikwirakwizwa, hagashyirwaho probe muri buri huza, hanyuma hagakusanywa amakuru y'ibikoresho byose binyuze muri seriveri y'inyuma na database, no gukora isesengura ry'urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho na raporo y'igihe kirekire y'uruza rw'itumanaho rwose. Ugereranyije n'ubundi buryo bwo gukusanya urujya n'uruza rw'itumanaho, ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukusanya amashusho y'uruza rw'itumanaho ni uko bishobora gutanga amakuru menshi ku rwego rw'ikoreshwa.
2. Hashingiwe ku igenzura ryo gufata pakiti mu gihe nyacyo
Ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gusesengura paki mu gihe nyacyo, ahanini itanga isesengura ryimbitse ry'amakuru kuva ku rwego rw'umubiri kugeza ku rwego rw'ikoreshwa, yibanda ku isesengura rya protocole. Ifata paki zo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga mu gihe gito kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gusesengura, kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma no gukemura vuba imikorere n'ikosa rya network. Ifite inenge zikurikira: ntishobora gufata paki zifite urujya n'uruza rwinshi kandi igihe kirekire, kandi ntishobora gusesengura icyerekezo cy'urujya n'uruza rw'abakoresha.
3. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana rishingiye kuri SNMP/RMON
Igenzura ry’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu rishingiye kuri protocole ya SNMP/RMON rikusanya ibintu bimwe na bimwe bijyanye n’ibikoresho byihariye n’amakuru y’urujya n’uruza binyuze mu gikoresho cya MIB cy’umuyoboro. Ririmo: umubare wa bytes zinjiye, umubare wa paki zinjiye zitari za diyama ... nibindi. Kubera ko router nyinshi ubu zishyigikira SNMP isanzwe, inyungu y’ubu buryo ni uko nta bikoresho by’inyongera byo gushaka amakuru bikenewe. Ariko, burimo gusa ibintu by’ibanze nk’umubare wa bytes n’umubare wa paki, ibyo bikaba bidakwiye mu igenzura rikomeye ry’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu.
4. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ibinyabiziga rishingiye kuri Netflow
Hashingiwe ku igenzura ry’urujya n’uruza rwa Nethow, amakuru y’urujya n’uruza atangwa yongerwa kugeza ku mubare wa byte na paki hashingiwe ku mibare ya tuple eshanu (aderesi ya IP y’isoko, aderesi ya IP y’aho iherereye, aho iherereye, aho iherereye, nimero ya protocole), ishobora gutandukanya urujya n’uruza kuri buri muyoboro w’amakuru. Uburyo bwo gukurikirana bufite ubushobozi bwo gukusanya amakuru, ariko ntibushobora gusesengura amakuru y’urwego rw’amakuru n’uruza rw’amakuru, kandi bugomba gukoresha umutungo umwe wo kurondora. Ubusanzwe bugomba gushyiraho module y’imikorere itandukanye ku bikoresho bya network.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 17-2024
